RNSG 1533 EXAM 1: F&E/GAS EXCHANGE VERIFIED
STUDY GUIDE
Nasal Cannula - Answers - COPD: pts. require long-term oxygen therapy and the nasal
cannula will allow them to perform daily activities
Low Flow
1-2 L/min = 23%-30%
3-5 L/min = 30%-40%
6 L/min = 42%
Simple Face Mask - Answers - - 5-8 L/min
- 40-60% FiO2
Used for pt. on short term oxygen therapy. Also works well with mouth breathers b/c
even while the pt. sleeps they are still receiving oxygen.
Rebreather Mask - Answers - Low Flow: 8-11 L/ min
50-75%
warm, poorly fitting, must remove to eat
Used for pt's. that need high levels FiO2.
Non Rebreather - Answers - low flow, 10 -15 L/min. 80-95% All exhaled air goes out,
bag must not collapse
o eat Used for pt's. that need high levels FiO2. Also used for pt's. w/subcutaneous
emphysema
Venturi Mask - Answers - High Flow: 4-6 L/min 6-8 20-40%
Used for pt's. w/COPD b/c it can accurately provide appropriate levels of supplemental
oxygen, avoiding the risk of suppressing the hypoxic drive.
Trach Collar - Answers - 8-10L/min
30-100
For pt's. w/tracheostomies that need humidification. This helps loosen secretions.
Face Tent - Answers - Used for pt's that had facial surgery, which promotes healing
8-10L/min
,30-100
Isotonic Fluids - Answers - 0.9% NaCl
Ringer's Solution
Lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose in water
Same concentration as blood
Used for: blood transfusions, dehydration, fluid maintenance, burns
Hypotonic Fluids - Answers - Less osmolality than blood
Expands intracellular space (swollen cells)
Used for: Hypernatremia, DKA, helps kidneys excrete excess fluids
0.225 NaCl - Answers - pediatric maintenance fluid
Hypertonic Fluids - Answers - greater concentration than blood >375
Moved fluid out of the cells and into ECF (skinny cells)
Used for: Cerebral Edema
Infused slowly to avoid pulmonary edema
DO NOT GIVE to pts w/ kidney or heart disease and those who are dehydrated
Asthma - Answers - an acute and reversible form of airway disease caused by
narrowing of airways due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and increased airway
secretions.
Asthma: Patho - Answers - Genetics. Female gender. Exposure to indoor and outdoor
allergens. Air pollution. Smoking. Exercise.
Asthma: Assessment Findings - Answers - 1. Tightness in chest
2. Wheezing (prolonged expiration)
3. Increased Respiratory Rate
4. Possible coughing
5. Use of accessory muscles
, 6. Distant breath sounds (air trapping in alveoli)
7. Fatigue
8. Anxiety/apprehension
Asthma: Possible Complications - Answers - 1. Hypoxemia (low O2) and Hypercapnia
(CO2)
2. Fatigue and weakness that affect daily activities
3. Reduced lung function and frequent inflammation
4. Activity intolerance due to compromised gas exchange and reduced perfusion
5.Respiratory failure
Asthma: Labs - Answers - 1.Wheezing on lung auscultation
2.Intercostal retraction
3. Hyperinflation is enlarged lungs due to trapped air in the alveoli
4.Use of accessory muscles
Asthma: Meds - Answers - 1.Bronchodilators- albuterol. Activates the beta2 receptors
(primary receptors of the smooth muscle in bronchi) which results in relaxing the
airways so that they open to allow more air flow (bronchodilator) .
2.Nebulizer treatments - Quick delivery, fast relief, and long-term treatment of
symptoms
3.Allergy medication - Prevents histamines from causing inflammation in the airways
4. O2
Asthma: Nursing Interventions - Answers - 1.Assess vitals for improved breathing
2.Delivery of O2 via high-flow nasal canula
3.Use of distractions in children when administering medications and treatments
4.Semi-fowlers to promote breathing
STUDY GUIDE
Nasal Cannula - Answers - COPD: pts. require long-term oxygen therapy and the nasal
cannula will allow them to perform daily activities
Low Flow
1-2 L/min = 23%-30%
3-5 L/min = 30%-40%
6 L/min = 42%
Simple Face Mask - Answers - - 5-8 L/min
- 40-60% FiO2
Used for pt. on short term oxygen therapy. Also works well with mouth breathers b/c
even while the pt. sleeps they are still receiving oxygen.
Rebreather Mask - Answers - Low Flow: 8-11 L/ min
50-75%
warm, poorly fitting, must remove to eat
Used for pt's. that need high levels FiO2.
Non Rebreather - Answers - low flow, 10 -15 L/min. 80-95% All exhaled air goes out,
bag must not collapse
o eat Used for pt's. that need high levels FiO2. Also used for pt's. w/subcutaneous
emphysema
Venturi Mask - Answers - High Flow: 4-6 L/min 6-8 20-40%
Used for pt's. w/COPD b/c it can accurately provide appropriate levels of supplemental
oxygen, avoiding the risk of suppressing the hypoxic drive.
Trach Collar - Answers - 8-10L/min
30-100
For pt's. w/tracheostomies that need humidification. This helps loosen secretions.
Face Tent - Answers - Used for pt's that had facial surgery, which promotes healing
8-10L/min
,30-100
Isotonic Fluids - Answers - 0.9% NaCl
Ringer's Solution
Lactated Ringer's
5% dextrose in water
Same concentration as blood
Used for: blood transfusions, dehydration, fluid maintenance, burns
Hypotonic Fluids - Answers - Less osmolality than blood
Expands intracellular space (swollen cells)
Used for: Hypernatremia, DKA, helps kidneys excrete excess fluids
0.225 NaCl - Answers - pediatric maintenance fluid
Hypertonic Fluids - Answers - greater concentration than blood >375
Moved fluid out of the cells and into ECF (skinny cells)
Used for: Cerebral Edema
Infused slowly to avoid pulmonary edema
DO NOT GIVE to pts w/ kidney or heart disease and those who are dehydrated
Asthma - Answers - an acute and reversible form of airway disease caused by
narrowing of airways due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and increased airway
secretions.
Asthma: Patho - Answers - Genetics. Female gender. Exposure to indoor and outdoor
allergens. Air pollution. Smoking. Exercise.
Asthma: Assessment Findings - Answers - 1. Tightness in chest
2. Wheezing (prolonged expiration)
3. Increased Respiratory Rate
4. Possible coughing
5. Use of accessory muscles
, 6. Distant breath sounds (air trapping in alveoli)
7. Fatigue
8. Anxiety/apprehension
Asthma: Possible Complications - Answers - 1. Hypoxemia (low O2) and Hypercapnia
(CO2)
2. Fatigue and weakness that affect daily activities
3. Reduced lung function and frequent inflammation
4. Activity intolerance due to compromised gas exchange and reduced perfusion
5.Respiratory failure
Asthma: Labs - Answers - 1.Wheezing on lung auscultation
2.Intercostal retraction
3. Hyperinflation is enlarged lungs due to trapped air in the alveoli
4.Use of accessory muscles
Asthma: Meds - Answers - 1.Bronchodilators- albuterol. Activates the beta2 receptors
(primary receptors of the smooth muscle in bronchi) which results in relaxing the
airways so that they open to allow more air flow (bronchodilator) .
2.Nebulizer treatments - Quick delivery, fast relief, and long-term treatment of
symptoms
3.Allergy medication - Prevents histamines from causing inflammation in the airways
4. O2
Asthma: Nursing Interventions - Answers - 1.Assess vitals for improved breathing
2.Delivery of O2 via high-flow nasal canula
3.Use of distractions in children when administering medications and treatments
4.Semi-fowlers to promote breathing
