NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to reduce preload in patients
with heart failure?
**A.** Digoxin
**B.** Furosemide
**C.** Nitroglycerin
**D.** Metoprolol - Correct Answer: b) furosemide
2. A patient presents with sudden onset of sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing
or coughing. The pain is relieved by sitting forward. Which of the following conditions is the
patient likely experiencing?
**A.** Myocardial infarction
**B.** Stable angina
**C.** Aortic dissection
**D.** Pericarditis - Correct Answer: D) pericarditis
3. A patient presents with peripheral cyanosis, cool extremities, and diminished pulses in the
lower limbs. Which condition is the patient likely experiencing?
**A.** Raynaud's disease
**B.** Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
,**C.** Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
**D.** Aortic dissection - Correct Answer: B) PAD
4. A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with inspiration, dyspnea, and friction rub
upon auscultation. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
**A.** Myocardial infarction
**B.** Pericarditis
**C.** Stable angina
**D.** Aortic dissection - Correct Answer: B) pericarditis
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of
hypertension?
**A.** Hypertension is characterized by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance.
**B.** Hypertension results from increased secretion of renin, leading to vasodilation and
decreased blood pressure.
**C.** Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg.
**D.** Hypertension is primarily caused by decreased cardiac output. - Correct Answer: C)
hypertension is defined as persistently elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg
6. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes is indicative of atrial fibrillation?
**A.** Absence of P waves and irregularly irregular R-R intervals
**B.** Prolonged PR interval and widened QRS complex
**C.** Tall, peaked T waves and shortened QT interval
**D.** Sawtooth-shaped P waves and prolonged QT interval - Correct Answer: A) absence
of P waves and irregularly irregular R-R intervals
7. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed as first-line therapy for the
management of stable angina?
,**A.** Aspirin
**B.** Nitroglycerin
**C.** Metoprolol
**D.** Statins - Correct Answer: c) metoprolol
8. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with elevated serum potassium levels
(hyperkalemia). Which of the following interventions is appropriate for managing hyperkalemia
in this patient?
**A.** Administering intravenous calcium
**B.** Initiating hemodialysis
**C.** Prescribing potassium-sparing diuretics
**D.** Administering insulin and glucose - Correct Answer: d) administering insulin and
glucose
9. Which of the following laboratory findings is consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI)?
**A.** Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
**B.** Decreased urine specific gravity
**C.** Elevated urine sodium concentration
**D.** Decreased urine protein levels - Correct Answer: A) elevated BUN and Cr
10. A patient with nephrotic syndrome presents with generalized edema, hypoalbuminemia,
and hyperlipidemia. Which of the following renal conditions is most likely causing these
manifestations?
**A.** Glomerulonephritis
**B.** Polycystic kidney disease
**C.** Acute tubular necrosis
**D.** Membranous nephropathy - Correct Answer: d) membranous nephrophathy
, 11. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating
agents (ESAs). What is the primary purpose of administering ESAs in this patient population?
**A.** Increasing serum calcium levels
**B.** Stimulating red blood cell production
**C.** Lowering serum potassium levels
**D.** Enhancing urine output - Correct Answer: b) stimulating RBC production
12. A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and urinary tract infection. Imaging studies
reveal the presence of kidney stones. Which type of kidney stone is most commonly associated
with urinary tract infection?
**A.** Calcium oxalate
**B.** Uric acid
**C.** Struvite
**D.** Cystine - Correct Answer: c) struvite
13. The nurse is caring for a client with liver cirrhosis. Which diagnostic test will most likely be
altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum glucose.
C MRI of the chest.
D Colonoscopy. - Correct Answer: b) serum glucose
14. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8 mm area of induration after an
intradermal PPD tuberculin test. What will need to be done prior to treating this client for active
tuberculosis?
A Nothing since this is a diagnostic indication of active disease.
B Determine active disease present through a chest x-ray.
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to reduce preload in patients
with heart failure?
**A.** Digoxin
**B.** Furosemide
**C.** Nitroglycerin
**D.** Metoprolol - Correct Answer: b) furosemide
2. A patient presents with sudden onset of sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing
or coughing. The pain is relieved by sitting forward. Which of the following conditions is the
patient likely experiencing?
**A.** Myocardial infarction
**B.** Stable angina
**C.** Aortic dissection
**D.** Pericarditis - Correct Answer: D) pericarditis
3. A patient presents with peripheral cyanosis, cool extremities, and diminished pulses in the
lower limbs. Which condition is the patient likely experiencing?
**A.** Raynaud's disease
**B.** Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
,**C.** Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
**D.** Aortic dissection - Correct Answer: B) PAD
4. A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with inspiration, dyspnea, and friction rub
upon auscultation. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
**A.** Myocardial infarction
**B.** Pericarditis
**C.** Stable angina
**D.** Aortic dissection - Correct Answer: B) pericarditis
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of
hypertension?
**A.** Hypertension is characterized by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance.
**B.** Hypertension results from increased secretion of renin, leading to vasodilation and
decreased blood pressure.
**C.** Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg.
**D.** Hypertension is primarily caused by decreased cardiac output. - Correct Answer: C)
hypertension is defined as persistently elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg
6. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes is indicative of atrial fibrillation?
**A.** Absence of P waves and irregularly irregular R-R intervals
**B.** Prolonged PR interval and widened QRS complex
**C.** Tall, peaked T waves and shortened QT interval
**D.** Sawtooth-shaped P waves and prolonged QT interval - Correct Answer: A) absence
of P waves and irregularly irregular R-R intervals
7. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed as first-line therapy for the
management of stable angina?
,**A.** Aspirin
**B.** Nitroglycerin
**C.** Metoprolol
**D.** Statins - Correct Answer: c) metoprolol
8. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with elevated serum potassium levels
(hyperkalemia). Which of the following interventions is appropriate for managing hyperkalemia
in this patient?
**A.** Administering intravenous calcium
**B.** Initiating hemodialysis
**C.** Prescribing potassium-sparing diuretics
**D.** Administering insulin and glucose - Correct Answer: d) administering insulin and
glucose
9. Which of the following laboratory findings is consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI)?
**A.** Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
**B.** Decreased urine specific gravity
**C.** Elevated urine sodium concentration
**D.** Decreased urine protein levels - Correct Answer: A) elevated BUN and Cr
10. A patient with nephrotic syndrome presents with generalized edema, hypoalbuminemia,
and hyperlipidemia. Which of the following renal conditions is most likely causing these
manifestations?
**A.** Glomerulonephritis
**B.** Polycystic kidney disease
**C.** Acute tubular necrosis
**D.** Membranous nephropathy - Correct Answer: d) membranous nephrophathy
, 11. A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating
agents (ESAs). What is the primary purpose of administering ESAs in this patient population?
**A.** Increasing serum calcium levels
**B.** Stimulating red blood cell production
**C.** Lowering serum potassium levels
**D.** Enhancing urine output - Correct Answer: b) stimulating RBC production
12. A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and urinary tract infection. Imaging studies
reveal the presence of kidney stones. Which type of kidney stone is most commonly associated
with urinary tract infection?
**A.** Calcium oxalate
**B.** Uric acid
**C.** Struvite
**D.** Cystine - Correct Answer: c) struvite
13. The nurse is caring for a client with liver cirrhosis. Which diagnostic test will most likely be
altered because of liver damage?
A Bone scan.
B Serum glucose.
C MRI of the chest.
D Colonoscopy. - Correct Answer: b) serum glucose
14. A client recovering from a kidney transplant has an 8 mm area of induration after an
intradermal PPD tuberculin test. What will need to be done prior to treating this client for active
tuberculosis?
A Nothing since this is a diagnostic indication of active disease.
B Determine active disease present through a chest x-ray.
