NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Which cellular change is seen with chronic bronchitis?
a. Increased eosinophils
b. Decreased CD8 T lymphocytes
c. Decreased interleukin-8 levels
d. Atrophy of bronchial glands - Correct Answer: a. Increased eosinophils
2. A patient exposed to herpes simplex virus has been exhibiting symptoms that suggest an
inflammation of the brain. This type of infection is referred to as
a. Brain abscess
b. Encephalitis
c. Bacteremia
d. Meningitis - Correct Answer: b. Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain and is most commonly caused by viral infection.
Brain abscesses act like space-occupying lesions and are often caused by pus-forming
bacteria.
Bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Meningitis is an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid and can be either bacterial or viral.
3. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Positive Trousseau sign
b. Positive Chvostek sign
c. Hyperactive reflexes.
d. Muscle twitching
e. Constipation
f. Paresthesias - Correct Answer: a. Positive Trousseau sign
, b. Positive Chvostek sign
c. Hyperactive reflexes.
d. Muscle twitching
f. Paresthesias
4. What are the early signs of Parkinson disease? (Select all that apply.)
a. Drooling
b. Small writing
c. Monotone speech
d. Minimal blinking
e. Loss of facial expression - Correct Answer: d. Minimal blinking
f. Loss of facial expression
The early signs of Parkinson disease include infrequent eye blinking and loss of facial
expression. As the disease progresses, additional functional changes occur; these include
drooling and micrographia (small handwriting). Advanced findings include low-volume,
monotonous, and dysarthric speech.
5. What is a common site for bone metastases to occur?
a. Vertebral bodies
b. Midshaft femur
c. Carpal bones
d. Radius - Correct Answer: a. Vertebral bodies
6. Which are types of dialysis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Diffusion
b. Hemodialysis
c. Continuous renal replacement
d. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
e. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - Correct Answer: b. Hemodialysis
c. Continuous renal replacement
d. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
e. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
,7. Tachycardia, decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side, hyperresonance,
and sudden chest pain on the affected side are clinical manifestations of
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Pneumothorax
c. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
d. adult respiratory distress syndrome - Correct Answer: b. Pneumothorax
8. Cushing syndrome differs from Cushing disease in that the term Cushing syndrome is
used only to describe
a. Hypercortisolism caused by prolonged use of corticosteroid drugs
b. Hypercortisolism caused by ectopic nonpituitary tumors
c. Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause
d. Hypercortisolism that is pituitary dependent - Correct Answer: c.
Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause
9. Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock?
a. Release of vasodilatory mediators such as histamine into the circulation
b. Loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
c. Increased sympathetic nervous stimulation
d. Massive immune system activation - Correct Answer: b. Loss of sympathetic
activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
10. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis raises the threat of what devastating sequela?
a. Multisystem organ dysfunction
b. Diabetes with neuropathy
c. Bowel obstruction
d. Cerebral edema - Correct Answer: a. Multisystem organ dysfunction
11. What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis?
a. Thinning bronchial smooth muscle
b. Hyperventilation
c. Mucous plugs
, d. Infection - Correct Answer: c. Mucous plugs
12. Which hormone is responsible for renal failure induced anemia?
a. Aldosterone
b. Angiotensin I
c. Erythropoietin
d. Parathyroid hormone - Correct Answer: c. Erythropoietin
13. A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the
appearance of
a. Distended alveoli
b. A honeycomb lung
c. Destruction of acini
d. Constrictive bronchi - Correct Answer: b. A honeycomb lung
14. In extrinsic asthma the immune system responds to the presence of allergens by causing
a. Bronchodilation
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Decreased cough reflex
d. Decreased sputum production - Correct Answer: b. Bronchoconstriction
15. The retention of nitrogenous wastes is referred to as
a. Anuria
b. Oliguria
c. Azotemia
d. Nonoliguric - Correct Answer: c. Azotemia
16. When viewed on x-ray, the bone has a linear fracture that occurs in a straight line across
the bone. Which term best describes this type of fracture?
a. Spiral
b. Oblique
c. Transverse
d. Longitudinal - Correct Answer: c. Transverse
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Which cellular change is seen with chronic bronchitis?
a. Increased eosinophils
b. Decreased CD8 T lymphocytes
c. Decreased interleukin-8 levels
d. Atrophy of bronchial glands - Correct Answer: a. Increased eosinophils
2. A patient exposed to herpes simplex virus has been exhibiting symptoms that suggest an
inflammation of the brain. This type of infection is referred to as
a. Brain abscess
b. Encephalitis
c. Bacteremia
d. Meningitis - Correct Answer: b. Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain and is most commonly caused by viral infection.
Brain abscesses act like space-occupying lesions and are often caused by pus-forming
bacteria.
Bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Meningitis is an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid and can be either bacterial or viral.
3. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Positive Trousseau sign
b. Positive Chvostek sign
c. Hyperactive reflexes.
d. Muscle twitching
e. Constipation
f. Paresthesias - Correct Answer: a. Positive Trousseau sign
, b. Positive Chvostek sign
c. Hyperactive reflexes.
d. Muscle twitching
f. Paresthesias
4. What are the early signs of Parkinson disease? (Select all that apply.)
a. Drooling
b. Small writing
c. Monotone speech
d. Minimal blinking
e. Loss of facial expression - Correct Answer: d. Minimal blinking
f. Loss of facial expression
The early signs of Parkinson disease include infrequent eye blinking and loss of facial
expression. As the disease progresses, additional functional changes occur; these include
drooling and micrographia (small handwriting). Advanced findings include low-volume,
monotonous, and dysarthric speech.
5. What is a common site for bone metastases to occur?
a. Vertebral bodies
b. Midshaft femur
c. Carpal bones
d. Radius - Correct Answer: a. Vertebral bodies
6. Which are types of dialysis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Diffusion
b. Hemodialysis
c. Continuous renal replacement
d. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
e. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - Correct Answer: b. Hemodialysis
c. Continuous renal replacement
d. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
e. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
,7. Tachycardia, decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side, hyperresonance,
and sudden chest pain on the affected side are clinical manifestations of
a. Sarcoidosis
b. Pneumothorax
c. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
d. adult respiratory distress syndrome - Correct Answer: b. Pneumothorax
8. Cushing syndrome differs from Cushing disease in that the term Cushing syndrome is
used only to describe
a. Hypercortisolism caused by prolonged use of corticosteroid drugs
b. Hypercortisolism caused by ectopic nonpituitary tumors
c. Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause
d. Hypercortisolism that is pituitary dependent - Correct Answer: c.
Hypercortisolism manifestations, regardless of cause
9. Which describes a pathologic manifestation of neurogenic shock?
a. Release of vasodilatory mediators such as histamine into the circulation
b. Loss of sympathetic activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
c. Increased sympathetic nervous stimulation
d. Massive immune system activation - Correct Answer: b. Loss of sympathetic
activation of arteriolar smooth muscle
10. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis raises the threat of what devastating sequela?
a. Multisystem organ dysfunction
b. Diabetes with neuropathy
c. Bowel obstruction
d. Cerebral edema - Correct Answer: a. Multisystem organ dysfunction
11. What is the primary cause of airway obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis?
a. Thinning bronchial smooth muscle
b. Hyperventilation
c. Mucous plugs
, d. Infection - Correct Answer: c. Mucous plugs
12. Which hormone is responsible for renal failure induced anemia?
a. Aldosterone
b. Angiotensin I
c. Erythropoietin
d. Parathyroid hormone - Correct Answer: c. Erythropoietin
13. A common radiologic diagnostic manifestation of fibrotic restrictive disease is the
appearance of
a. Distended alveoli
b. A honeycomb lung
c. Destruction of acini
d. Constrictive bronchi - Correct Answer: b. A honeycomb lung
14. In extrinsic asthma the immune system responds to the presence of allergens by causing
a. Bronchodilation
b. Bronchoconstriction
c. Decreased cough reflex
d. Decreased sputum production - Correct Answer: b. Bronchoconstriction
15. The retention of nitrogenous wastes is referred to as
a. Anuria
b. Oliguria
c. Azotemia
d. Nonoliguric - Correct Answer: c. Azotemia
16. When viewed on x-ray, the bone has a linear fracture that occurs in a straight line across
the bone. Which term best describes this type of fracture?
a. Spiral
b. Oblique
c. Transverse
d. Longitudinal - Correct Answer: c. Transverse
