NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!

NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! 1. Leukocytosis can be defined as A. A normal leukocyte count B. a high leukocyte count C. a low leukocyte count D. Another term for loop leukopenia - Correct Answer: B. a high leukocyte count Rational: Leukocytosis is present when the count is higher than normal it is not another term for leukopenia A. An IV drug user was diagnosed with Hepatitis C 5 years ago. The patient is now experiencing impaired blood clotting. The nurse suspects a decrease in which of the following vitamins: A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin B12 - Correct Answer: Vitamin K Rational: Lack of vitamin k not D or B12, interferes with clotting 2. What is the most likely cause of eosinophilia A. parasitic invasion and allergic reactions B. viral and bacterial infections C. stress and anxiety reactions D. fungal interactions and delayed hypersensitivity - Correct Answer: A. parasitic invasion and allergic reactions Rational: parasitic invasions and allergic disorders are associated with eosinophilia viral infections do not lead to eosinophilia nor do stress and anxiety reactions or fungal infections 3. Which mother fetus combination is at most risk for maternal fetal blood incompatibility A. a mother is RH positive, and fetus is RH negative B. mother is RH negative and fetus is RH positive C. mother has type A blood and fetus has type O blood D. mother has type AB blood and fetus has type B blood - Correct Answer: B. mother is RH negative and fetus is RH positive Rationale: maternal fetal incompatibility exists if mother and fetus differ in AB and O blood type or if the fetus is RH positive and the mother is RH negative. Symptoms do not occur in a type O fetus symptoms do not occur in type AB baby mothers 4. A nurse is planning care for a child with iron deficiency anemia. Characteristics of iron deficiency anemia include which of the following: Select all that apply A. It is most common between the ages of six months and two years old B. it is related to gender and race C. it may be related to socioeconomic factors D. it is rare among teenagers E. it is difficult to diagnose in early stages - Correct Answer: It is most common between the ages of six months and two years old C. it may be related to socioeconomic factors E. it is difficult to diagnose in early stages A. A three-year old child presents with bruising on the legs and trunk and a petechial rash. The mother also reports frequent nosebleeds. Lab tests reveal a decreased platelet count. This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis A. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP B. Leukemia C. Thalassemia D. Hemophilia - Correct Answer: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP Rational: a decreased platelet count is the cause of ITP neither leukemia thalassemia nor hemophilia is related to platelets. 5. A 51 year old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic he developed substernal pain he also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw lasting 2 to 3 minutes and then subsiding with rest he indicates that this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion the nurse suspects he is most likely experiencing A. stable angina B. unstable angina C. Prinzmetal angina D. myocardial infarction - Correct Answer: stable angina Rational: stable angina is associated with activity and subsides with rest unstable angina is a form of acute coronary syndrome that results from reversible myocardial ischemia and occurs at rest chest pain that occurs at rest. Chest pain that occurs at rest and at night is descriptive of prinzmetal angina MI does not subside with rest 6. An 82 year old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension her body's compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate vasoconstriction and movement of large volumes of interstitial fluid to the vascular compartment what kind of shock does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? A. anaphylactic B. hypovolemic C. neurogenic D. septic - Correct Answer: B. hypovolemic Rationale: Confusion and severe hypotension indicate decreased perfusion to vital organs, especially the brain. Compensatory mechanisms like: Increased heart rate (tachycardia) Vasoconstriction (to maintain blood pressure) Movement of interstitial fluid into the vascular compartment (to try to restore blood volume) 7. A 50 year old male with a 30 year history of smoking was diagnosed with Bronco genic cancer he developed edema and venous distension in the upper extremities and face which of the following diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? A. Thromboembolism B. deep vein thrombosis C. superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) D. chronic venous insufficiency - Correct Answer: C. superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) Rational: SVCS is a progressive occlusion of the superior vena cava that leads to venous distension in the upper extremities and head thromboembolism would not lead to the generalized symptoms described in the patient's deep vein thrombosis would not lead to upper extremity symptoms chronic venous insufficiency would primarily affect 1 extremity 8. A 2 week old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur. Patient is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus this condition results in: A. decreased pulmonary blood flow B. right to left shunt C. left to right shunt D. increase systemic blood flow - Correct Answer: C. left to right shunt Rationale: PDA is a failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close the continued patency of this vessel allows blood to flow from the higher pressure aorta to the lower pressure pulmonary artery causing a left to right shunt it does not cause decreased pulmonary blood flow it could decrease systemic blood flow not increase it. 9. A 22 year old pregnant woman presents to her OBGYN for a prenatal checkup. The fetal heartbeat sounds irregular and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal duct. This defect is the result of: A. failure of the ductus arteriosus to close B. incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions C. a patent foramen overlay D. a right to left shunt - Correct Answer: B. incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions Rationale: An AVC defect is the result of incomplete fusion of endocardial cushions a patent duct is the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close the infant will not experience a patent foramen overlay flow is generally left to right not right to left 10. A newborn child has a murmur and is cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals that the tricuspid valve failed to develop and so no blood flows between the right atrium and ventricle. This condition is described with the term tricuspid _____ A. regurgitation B. stenosis C. atresia D. transposition - Correct Answer: C. atresia Rationale: tricuspid atresia is failure of the tricuspid valve to develop consequently there is no communication from the right atrium to the right ventricle in regurgitation blood moves backwards but it is not obstructed since stenosis blood flow is narrowed but not totally obstructed in transposition the two great vessels are on opposite sides