, CONTENTS
PART 1: PROBLEM SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1 Introductory Concepts......................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 Number Systems, Operations, and Codes ............................................................ 7
CHAPTER 3 Logic Gates ...................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 4 Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification ........................................................ 35
CHAPTER 5 Combinational Logic Analysis .......................................................................... 60
CHAPTER 6 Functions of Combinational Logic .................................................................... 95
CHAPTER 7 Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers ...................................................................... 115
CHAPTER 8 Counters ......................................................................................................... 130
CHAPTER 9 Shift Registers ................................................................................................ 159
CHAPTER 10 Memory and Storage....................................................................................... 175
CHAPTER 11 Programmable Logic and Software.................................................................. 185
CHAPTER 12 Signal Interfacing and Processing .................................................................... 195
CHAPTER 13 Computer Concepts......................................................................................... 204
CHAPTER 14 Integrated Circuit Technologies....................................................................... 210
PART 2: SYSTEM APPLICATION ACTIVITY SOLUTIONS ......................................... 217
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................... 218
CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................... 221
CHAPTER 6 ........................................................................................................................... 223
CHAPTER 7 ........................................................................................................................... 228
CHAPTER 8 ........................................................................................................................... 230
CHAPTER 9 ........................................................................................................................... 233
CHAPTER 10 ......................................................................................................................... 234
CHAPTER 11 ......................................................................................................................... 235
PART 3: OVERVIEW OF IEEE STD. 91-1984................................................................... 239
PART 4: LABORATORY SOLUTIONS FOR EXPERIMENTS IN DIGITAL
FUNDAMENTALS by David Buchla ................................................................... 265
iv
,Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 K
INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS K
Section 1-1 Digital and Analog Quantities
K K K K K
1. Digital data can be transmitted and stored more efficiently and reliably than analog data. Also,
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digital circuits are simpler to implement and there is a greater immunity to noisy environments.
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2. Pressure is an analog quantity. K K K K
3. A clock, a thermometer, and a speedometer can have either an analog or a digital output.
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
Section 1-2 Binary Digits, Logic Levels, and Digital Waveforms
K K K K K K K K
4. In positive logic, a 1 is represented by a HIGH level and a 0 by a LOW level. In negative logic, a 1 is
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represented by a LOW level, and a 0 by a HIGH level.
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5. HIGH = 1; LOW = 0. See Figure 1-1.
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6. A 1 is a HIGH and a 0 is a LOW:
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(a) HIGH, LOW, HIGH, HIGH, HIGH, LOW, HIGH K K K K K K
(b) HIGH, HIGH, HIGH, LOW, HIGH, LOW, LOW, HIGH K K K K K K K
2
, Chapter 1
K
7. See Figure 1-2. K K
8. T = 4 ms. See Figure 1-3.
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1 1
=
K
9. f=
K = 0.25 kHz = 250 Hz K K K K K
T 4 ms K
10. The waveform in Figure 1-61 is periodic because it repeats at a fixed interval.
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11. t
tW = 2 ms; T = 4 ms
K K
2 ms
K K K K K
=
K K K K K
% duty cycle = W
K K 100 = 50% K K
K
K K K
100
T 4 ms K K
K K K
12. See Figure 1-4. K K
3