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UAMS Microbiology Exam 1 ||Verified Exam!!|| Most
Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam!!!
What are spores and what do they allow a bacterium, such
as bacilli with spores? - Answer-Spores are cells with very
thick walls that can survive many extremes, allowing a
bacterium protection in order to preserve its genetic
material.
What are the two different forms of bacilli rods? - Answer-
Filamentous and fusiform.
Who invented the Gram stain and staining method? What
are the reagents involved? How is Gram stain able to
work? What makes some bacteria gram pos and others
neg? - Answer-Hans Christian Gram. Crystal violet, iodine,
decolorizer, and safranin. The cell wall structure of the
bacteria is what determines if it is gram pos or neg. The
thick peptidoglycan layer on gram pos MOs retains the
crystal violet-iodine complex. On gram neg MOs, there is
only a thin layer of peptidoglycan under a layer of lipids.
The lipid layer retains the stain and the decolorizer then
,2|Page
dissolves the lipid layer, removing the crystal violet-iodine
complex.
What is the counter stain that is used alongside Gram
stain to identify the Gram neg bacteria? How does this
work? - Answer-Safranin. Once the decolorizer dissolves
the lipid layer holding the crystal violet-iodine complex, the
safranin is able to stain the thin peptidoglycan layer
underneath, causing the bacteria to appear pink. The pink
bacteria can then be identified as Gram neg.
What is smear? What is important when preparing a
smear? How are smears heat fixed and why? - Answer-
Cells from a culture are taken and spread over a thin area
of a slide and then heat fixed. The smear doesn't need to
be too thin or too thick, otherwise it will be unable to be
read properly. Smears are heat fixed using a bunsen
burner, an electric incinerator, or methanol. This is done to
kill the bacteria on the slide, prevent bacteria from
washing off the slide, and allowing the smear to take up
stain better.
What is the Gram staining procedure? - Answer-Place the
slide on a staining rack and cover the smear with crystal
violet solution. Let stand for 30-60 seconds. Rinse with tap
,3|Page
water to remove the crystal violet, then shake off excess
water. Cover the smear with Gram's iodine and let stand
for 30-60 seconds. Rinse with water, then shale off
excess. Decolorize the smear with acetone-alcohol and
rinse with water as soon as the purple/blue color no longer
runs off the slide. *Be careful to not over or under
decolorize* Shake off excess water and counterstain with
safranin for 30 seconds, rinse with water, and dry slide by
air or by blotting.
In the health care system, the physician consults with the
patient and retrieves a specimen. The specimen is then
sent to the lab, a report is generated, and the report is
sent to the physician. What are the 4 things included in the
report from the micro lab? - Answer-Gram stain, culture,
organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility.
What is a culturette used for? - Answer-Specimen
collection. It is a tube closed on the bottom and open at
the top with swabs inserted into the culturette container.
What is the complete procedure done by the lab for
collecting and then identifying an organism? - Answer-
Collect the specimen with a culturette tube, plate it using
either an agar or broth medium, incubate the culture, and
, 4|Page
then ID. Determine antimicrobial susceptibility and report
results.
What are the different morphologies of bacteria? - Answer-
Coccus, coccobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum, and
spirochete.
What are the different bacterial arrangements for cocci? -
Answer-Coccus (one single colony), diplococci (two
colonies), staphylococci (multiple colonies in a triangle
shape), streptococci (multiple colonies in a linear row),
sarcina (multiple colonies that can be on top of one
another in a square shape), and tetrad (four colonies in a
square).
What does bacillus or bacilli refer to? What about
Bacillus? What are the bacilli arrangements? - Answer-
Rod shaped. The genus (Bacillus anthracis). Single
bacillus, diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisade (rods laid
side by side, forming a fence-like appearance; can also be
V-shaped).
UAMS Microbiology Exam 1 ||Verified Exam!!|| Most
Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam!!!
What are spores and what do they allow a bacterium, such
as bacilli with spores? - Answer-Spores are cells with very
thick walls that can survive many extremes, allowing a
bacterium protection in order to preserve its genetic
material.
What are the two different forms of bacilli rods? - Answer-
Filamentous and fusiform.
Who invented the Gram stain and staining method? What
are the reagents involved? How is Gram stain able to
work? What makes some bacteria gram pos and others
neg? - Answer-Hans Christian Gram. Crystal violet, iodine,
decolorizer, and safranin. The cell wall structure of the
bacteria is what determines if it is gram pos or neg. The
thick peptidoglycan layer on gram pos MOs retains the
crystal violet-iodine complex. On gram neg MOs, there is
only a thin layer of peptidoglycan under a layer of lipids.
The lipid layer retains the stain and the decolorizer then
,2|Page
dissolves the lipid layer, removing the crystal violet-iodine
complex.
What is the counter stain that is used alongside Gram
stain to identify the Gram neg bacteria? How does this
work? - Answer-Safranin. Once the decolorizer dissolves
the lipid layer holding the crystal violet-iodine complex, the
safranin is able to stain the thin peptidoglycan layer
underneath, causing the bacteria to appear pink. The pink
bacteria can then be identified as Gram neg.
What is smear? What is important when preparing a
smear? How are smears heat fixed and why? - Answer-
Cells from a culture are taken and spread over a thin area
of a slide and then heat fixed. The smear doesn't need to
be too thin or too thick, otherwise it will be unable to be
read properly. Smears are heat fixed using a bunsen
burner, an electric incinerator, or methanol. This is done to
kill the bacteria on the slide, prevent bacteria from
washing off the slide, and allowing the smear to take up
stain better.
What is the Gram staining procedure? - Answer-Place the
slide on a staining rack and cover the smear with crystal
violet solution. Let stand for 30-60 seconds. Rinse with tap
,3|Page
water to remove the crystal violet, then shake off excess
water. Cover the smear with Gram's iodine and let stand
for 30-60 seconds. Rinse with water, then shale off
excess. Decolorize the smear with acetone-alcohol and
rinse with water as soon as the purple/blue color no longer
runs off the slide. *Be careful to not over or under
decolorize* Shake off excess water and counterstain with
safranin for 30 seconds, rinse with water, and dry slide by
air or by blotting.
In the health care system, the physician consults with the
patient and retrieves a specimen. The specimen is then
sent to the lab, a report is generated, and the report is
sent to the physician. What are the 4 things included in the
report from the micro lab? - Answer-Gram stain, culture,
organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility.
What is a culturette used for? - Answer-Specimen
collection. It is a tube closed on the bottom and open at
the top with swabs inserted into the culturette container.
What is the complete procedure done by the lab for
collecting and then identifying an organism? - Answer-
Collect the specimen with a culturette tube, plate it using
either an agar or broth medium, incubate the culture, and
, 4|Page
then ID. Determine antimicrobial susceptibility and report
results.
What are the different morphologies of bacteria? - Answer-
Coccus, coccobacillus, vibrio, bacillus, spirillum, and
spirochete.
What are the different bacterial arrangements for cocci? -
Answer-Coccus (one single colony), diplococci (two
colonies), staphylococci (multiple colonies in a triangle
shape), streptococci (multiple colonies in a linear row),
sarcina (multiple colonies that can be on top of one
another in a square shape), and tetrad (four colonies in a
square).
What does bacillus or bacilli refer to? What about
Bacillus? What are the bacilli arrangements? - Answer-
Rod shaped. The genus (Bacillus anthracis). Single
bacillus, diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisade (rods laid
side by side, forming a fence-like appearance; can also be
V-shaped).
