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What is Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) ✔Correct Answer-Method used to assess fetal
status and well-being, and maternal contraction pattern before and during labor.
What does FEM monitor? ✔Correct Answer-Fetal Heart Rate (FHR), variability, frequency of
uterine contractions, duration, and intensity
Which Monitor is able to measure the intensity of the contraction? Is it internal or external?
✔Correct Answer-IUPC
internal monitoring
What are the external methods of EFM? ✔Correct Answer-- Doppler
- External Ultrasound (US)
- Tocodyunamometer (TOCO)
What are internal methods of EFM? ✔Correct Answer-Fetal Scalp electrode (FSE)
Intra-Uterine Pressure Catheter (IUPC)
In reading Fetal Monitoring Tracings, what do the upper and lower graphs represent? What
does each square represent? What does a Bold line represent? ✔Correct Answer-Upper graph
= Fetal Heart Rate Pattern
Lower Graph = contraction pattern
small square = 10 seconds
Bold line = 1 minute
Normal Fetal Heart rate =
Tachycardic Rate =
Bradycardic Rate = ✔Correct Answer-Normal Fetal Heart rate = 110-160bpm
Tachycardic Rate = >160BPM
Bradycardic Rate = <110 BPM
What is variability? ✔Correct Answer-Normal changes and fluctuations in fetal heart rate over
time. It is the best overall indicator of fetal well-being.
What are the different types of variability? ✔Correct Answer-Absent - Undetectable
Minimal - >undetectable 5bpm
Moderate - 6-25bpm change
Marked > 25 bpm change