NURS 641E EXAM PREPARATION QUESTIONS
WITH FULL RATIONALES 2026
▶ a nursing diagnosis is. Answer: a statement of clients health that nurses
can identify or treat independently. Stated in terms of human responses to
disease or injury
▶ Nursing Diagnosis vs Medical Diagnosis. Answer: *Nursing Diagnosis:
Focus on patient response & Identify potential problems
*Medical Diagnosis:Disease process , can have multiple nursing diagnosis
▶ types of nursing diagnoses. Answer: actual
risk (potential)
wellness
▶ nursing interventions. Answer: any treatment, based on clinical
judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient
outcomes; there are nurse-initiated, physician-initiated, and collaborative
interventions
▶ revising the careplan. Answer: if goals are met cancel and recreate a
careplan, modify plan as needed to meet goals
▶ infectious agent. Answer: bacteria, viruses, fungi
▶ reservoir. Answer: natural habitat of the organism
▶ portal of exit. Answer: any body opening on an infected person that
allows pathogens to leave
▶ means of transmission. Answer: direct contact, indirect contact, airborne
route
▶ portal of entry. Answer: a way for the infectious agent to enter a new
reservoir or host
, ▶ Susceptible host. Answer: a person likely to get an infection or disease
▶ common portals of exit. Answer: respiratory, GI, GU, skin, blood and
tissue
▶ means of transmission. Answer: direct contact
indirect contact-vectors, fomites
▶ WBC normal count. Answer: 5,000-10,000/mm3
▶ cardinal signs of acute inflammation. Answer: redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
▶ antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Answer: an increasing problem in the
twenty-first century whereby antibiotic resistant bacterial populations have
increased due to overuse of antibiotics which kill the bacteria that are not
resistant
▶ urgent AMR threats. Answer: Urgent threats- CRE, C. Diff
Serious threats-MRSA, VRE, ESBL
▶ 5 moments for hand hygiene. Answer: before touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching a patients surroundings
▶ 4 major hospital acquire infection categories. Answer: catheter
associated (CAUTI)
surgical site infection (SSI)
central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
▶ aseptic technique. Answer: method used to make the environment, the
worker, and the patient as germ-free as possible
▶ medical asepsis. Answer: clean technique
WITH FULL RATIONALES 2026
▶ a nursing diagnosis is. Answer: a statement of clients health that nurses
can identify or treat independently. Stated in terms of human responses to
disease or injury
▶ Nursing Diagnosis vs Medical Diagnosis. Answer: *Nursing Diagnosis:
Focus on patient response & Identify potential problems
*Medical Diagnosis:Disease process , can have multiple nursing diagnosis
▶ types of nursing diagnoses. Answer: actual
risk (potential)
wellness
▶ nursing interventions. Answer: any treatment, based on clinical
judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient
outcomes; there are nurse-initiated, physician-initiated, and collaborative
interventions
▶ revising the careplan. Answer: if goals are met cancel and recreate a
careplan, modify plan as needed to meet goals
▶ infectious agent. Answer: bacteria, viruses, fungi
▶ reservoir. Answer: natural habitat of the organism
▶ portal of exit. Answer: any body opening on an infected person that
allows pathogens to leave
▶ means of transmission. Answer: direct contact, indirect contact, airborne
route
▶ portal of entry. Answer: a way for the infectious agent to enter a new
reservoir or host
, ▶ Susceptible host. Answer: a person likely to get an infection or disease
▶ common portals of exit. Answer: respiratory, GI, GU, skin, blood and
tissue
▶ means of transmission. Answer: direct contact
indirect contact-vectors, fomites
▶ WBC normal count. Answer: 5,000-10,000/mm3
▶ cardinal signs of acute inflammation. Answer: redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
▶ antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Answer: an increasing problem in the
twenty-first century whereby antibiotic resistant bacterial populations have
increased due to overuse of antibiotics which kill the bacteria that are not
resistant
▶ urgent AMR threats. Answer: Urgent threats- CRE, C. Diff
Serious threats-MRSA, VRE, ESBL
▶ 5 moments for hand hygiene. Answer: before touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching a patients surroundings
▶ 4 major hospital acquire infection categories. Answer: catheter
associated (CAUTI)
surgical site infection (SSI)
central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
▶ aseptic technique. Answer: method used to make the environment, the
worker, and the patient as germ-free as possible
▶ medical asepsis. Answer: clean technique
