The Blood, electrolytes and urinalysis
4 main functions of the urinary system and its components -
Answer
FILTRATION-Separates wastes from blood and forms urine
EXCRETION-Stores and removes urine from the body
HORMONES-Production of two essential hormones
HOMEOSTASIS Control of fluid levels, blood pH,and pressure
Kidneys are part of the urinary system, which also includes:
-Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
-Urinary bladder: temporary storage reservoir for urine
-Urethra: transports urine out of body
What are the primary roles of the kidneys? - Answer -
Regulating ion concentrations in extracellular fluid
-Long-term pH balance
The Blood
,-Excretion of metabolic wastes,toxins, and drugs
-Regulating Blood Pressure and Red Blood Cell Production
-Regulating water volume and solute concentration of blood
-Activating Vitamin D
-Stimulating gluconeogenesis
Where are the kidneys located? - Answer The kidneys are two
beanshaped organs roughly the size of a fist.
They are found under the ribcage on either side of the spinal cord.
Retroperitoneal; right sits a little lower than left due to liver
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys.
Identify the protective layers surrounding the kidneys. - Answer
- Renal fascia
▪ Anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
The Blood
,- Perirenal fat capsule
▪ Fatty cushion
- Fibrous capsule
▪ Transparent capsule that prevents spread of infection to kidney
Describe the major features of the kidneys. - Answer The
kidney consists of 2 regions, the outer cortex and inner medulla.
• The medulla is divided into triangular sections called renal
pyramids
.• The pyramids are separated by inward extensions of the cortex
called renal columns.
Review the internal structures at the microscopic level - Answer
Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Nephron
● Renal Corpuscle
● Renal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Blood Supply
The Blood
, ● Afferent Arteriole
● Efferent Arteriole
● Peritubular Capillaries
● Vasa Recta
Understand how urine drains from the kidneys. - Answer Each
renal pyramid drains into a tiny cavity called a minor calyx, where
urine is first collected.
• Several minor calyxes drain into a major calyx.
• Major calyces drain into the renal pelvis, which flows into the
ureter and out of the kidney.
Trace the blood supply to and from the kidneys - Answer
Unfiltered blood enters the kidney by the renal artery.
• The blood flows around the renal pyramids via the
interlobular arteries and arcuate arteries.
• These subdivide into smaller afferent arterioles,which enter
the nephrons and branch into tiny glomerular capillaries.
Renal arteries deliver about one-fourth (1200 ml) of cardiac
output to kidneys each minute
The Blood
4 main functions of the urinary system and its components -
Answer
FILTRATION-Separates wastes from blood and forms urine
EXCRETION-Stores and removes urine from the body
HORMONES-Production of two essential hormones
HOMEOSTASIS Control of fluid levels, blood pH,and pressure
Kidneys are part of the urinary system, which also includes:
-Ureters: transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
-Urinary bladder: temporary storage reservoir for urine
-Urethra: transports urine out of body
What are the primary roles of the kidneys? - Answer -
Regulating ion concentrations in extracellular fluid
-Long-term pH balance
The Blood
,-Excretion of metabolic wastes,toxins, and drugs
-Regulating Blood Pressure and Red Blood Cell Production
-Regulating water volume and solute concentration of blood
-Activating Vitamin D
-Stimulating gluconeogenesis
Where are the kidneys located? - Answer The kidneys are two
beanshaped organs roughly the size of a fist.
They are found under the ribcage on either side of the spinal cord.
Retroperitoneal; right sits a little lower than left due to liver
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys.
Identify the protective layers surrounding the kidneys. - Answer
- Renal fascia
▪ Anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue
The Blood
,- Perirenal fat capsule
▪ Fatty cushion
- Fibrous capsule
▪ Transparent capsule that prevents spread of infection to kidney
Describe the major features of the kidneys. - Answer The
kidney consists of 2 regions, the outer cortex and inner medulla.
• The medulla is divided into triangular sections called renal
pyramids
.• The pyramids are separated by inward extensions of the cortex
called renal columns.
Review the internal structures at the microscopic level - Answer
Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
Nephron
● Renal Corpuscle
● Renal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Blood Supply
The Blood
, ● Afferent Arteriole
● Efferent Arteriole
● Peritubular Capillaries
● Vasa Recta
Understand how urine drains from the kidneys. - Answer Each
renal pyramid drains into a tiny cavity called a minor calyx, where
urine is first collected.
• Several minor calyxes drain into a major calyx.
• Major calyces drain into the renal pelvis, which flows into the
ureter and out of the kidney.
Trace the blood supply to and from the kidneys - Answer
Unfiltered blood enters the kidney by the renal artery.
• The blood flows around the renal pyramids via the
interlobular arteries and arcuate arteries.
• These subdivide into smaller afferent arterioles,which enter
the nephrons and branch into tiny glomerular capillaries.
Renal arteries deliver about one-fourth (1200 ml) of cardiac
output to kidneys each minute
The Blood
