Oxford Cambridge and RSA
May 2026 – Afternoon
AS Level Classical Greek
H044/02 Literature
Time allowed: 2 hours
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
Do not use:
• a dictionary
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must be
clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 12 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
OCR AS Level Classical Greek Literature (H044/02) Question Paper
And Mark Scheme
, 2
Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B
Section A Prose
Literature
Answer Question 1 or Question 2
1 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
ἀπικομένους δὲ τούς Φοίνικας ἐς δὴ τὸ Ἄργος τοῦτο διατίθεσθαι τὸν φόρτον. πέμπτῃ δὲ ἢ
ἕκτῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀπ᾽ ἧς ἀπίκοντο, ἐξεμπολημένων σφι σχεδόν πάντων, ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν
θάλασσαν γυναῖκας ἄλλας τε πολλάς καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέος θυγατέρα· τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνομα
εἶναι, κατὰ τὠυτὸ τὸ καὶ Ἕλληνές λέγουσι, Ἰοῦν τὴν
Ἰνάχου· ταύτας στάσας κατά πρύμνην τῆς νεὸς ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων τῶν σφι 5
ἦν θυμός μάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας διακελευσαμένους ὁρμῆσαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτάς. τὰς μὲν δὴ
πλεῦνας τῶν γυναικῶν ἀποφυγεῖν, τὴν δὲ Ἰοῦν σὺν ἄλλῃσι ἁρπασθῆναι· ἐσβαλομένους δὲ
ἐς τὴν νέα οἴχεσθαι ἀποπλέοντας ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου.
οὕτω μὲν Ἰοῦν ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπικέσθαι λέγουσι Πέρσαι, οὐκ ὡς Ἕλληνες, καὶ
τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἑλλήνων τινάς (οὐ γὰρ 10
ἔχουσι τοὔνομα ἀπηγήσασθαι) φασὶ τῆς Φοινίκης ἐς Τύρον προσσχόντας ἁρπάσαι τοῦ
βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Εὐρώπην. εἴησαν δ᾽ ἄν οὗτοι Κρῆτες. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα
σφι γενέσθαι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἕλληνας αἰτίους τῆς δευτέρης ἀδικίης γενέσθαι.
καταπλώσαντας γὰρ μακρῇ νηί ἐς Αἶάν τε τὴν
Κολχίδα καὶ ἐπὶ Φᾶσιν ποταμόν, ἐνθεῦτεν, διαπρηξαμένους καὶ τἄλλα τῶν 15
εἵνεκεν ἀπίκατο, ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Μηδείην.
Herodotus, Histories 1.1–2
(a) ἀπικομένους … θυγατέρα (lines 1–4): how did Io meet the Phoenicians? [3]
(b) Translate τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνομα … ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου (lines 4–8). [5]
(c) οὕτω μὲν Ἰοῦν … ἀδικίης γενέσθαι (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus attempt to make his account
seem credible and reasonable?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(d) καταπλώσαντας … Μηδείην (lines 14–16): what does Herodotus claim the Greeks then did? [3]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
, 3
μαθοῦσὰ δὲ τὸ ποιηθέν ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς οὔτε ἀνέβωσε αἰσχυνθεῖσα οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθεῖν, ἐν
νόῳ ἔχουσα τίσεσθαι τὸν Κανδαύλεα· παρὰ γὰρ τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι, σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ παρὰ τοῖσι
ἄλλοισι βαρβάροισι, καὶ ἄνδρα ὀφθῆναι γυμνόν ἐς αἰσχύνην μεγάλην φέρει.
τότε μὲν δὴ οὕτω οὐδέν δηλώσασα ἡσυχίην εἶχε· ὡς δὲ ἡμέρη τάχιστα ἐγεγόνεε, 5
τῶν οἰκετέων τοὺς μάλιστα ὥρα πιστοὺς ἐόντας ἑωυτῇ, ἑτοίμους ποιησαμένη ἐκάλεε τὸν
Γύγεα. ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν δοκέων αὐτήν τῶν πρηχθέντων ἐπίστασθαι ἦλθε καλεόμενος· ἐώθεε
γὰρ καὶ πρόσθε, ὅκως ἡ βασίλεια καλέοι, φοιτᾶν. ὡς δὲ
ὁ Γύγης ἀπίκετο, ἔλεγε ἡ γυνὴ τάδε. ‘νῦν τοί δυῶν ὁδῶν παρεουσέων, Γύγη,
δίδωμί αἵρεσιν, ὁκοτέρην βούλεαι τραπέσθαι. ἢ γὰρ Κανδαύλεα ἀποκτείνας 10
ἐμέ τε καὶ τὴν βασιληίην ἔχε τὴν Λυδῶν, ἢ αὐτόν σε αὐτίκα οὕτω ἀποθνήσκειν δεῖ, ὡς ἂν
μὴ πάντα πειθόμενος Κανδαύλῃ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἴδῃς τὰ μὴ σε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε τὸν
ταῦτα βουλεύσαντα δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ σε τὸν ἐμὲ γυμνήν θεησάμενον καὶ ποιήσαντα οὐ
νομιζόμενα.’
Herodotus, Histories 1.10–11
(e) μαθοῦσὰ δὲ … μαθεῖν (lines 1–2): how did Candaules’ wife react when she discovered what he had done?
[1]
(f) ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα … μεγάλην φέρει (lines 2–4): why did she decide to punish Candaules? [2]
(g) τότε μὲν … Γύγεα (lines 5–7): how did she prepare to put her plan into action? [2]
(h) νῦν τοί … νομιζόμενα (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus make the speech of Candaules’ wife forceful
and decisive?
Make four points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [8]
(i) * ‘Herodotus’ Histories should be read more for entertainment than for historical fact.’ How
far do you agree with this statement?
You must use material from parts of the text you have studied in English, where relevant, as well as those
parts you have read in Greek. [10]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25 Turn over
, 4
Do not answer this question if you have already answered Question 1.
2 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
καὶ ὁ Ἀδείμαντος, ἆρά γε, ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, οὐδ᾽ ἴστε ὅτι λαμπὰς ἔσται πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἀφ᾽ ἵππων τῇ
θεῷ;
ἀφ᾽ ἵππων; ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ· καινόν γε τοῦτο. λαμπάδια ἔχοντες διαδώσουσιν ἀλλήλοις
ἁμιλλώμενοι τοῖς ἵπποις; ἢ πῶς λέγεις;
οὕτως, ἔφη ὁ Πολέμαρχος. καὶ πρός γε παννυχίδα ποιήσουσιν, ἣν ἄξιον 5
θεάσασθαι· ἐξαναστησόμεθα γὰρ μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον καὶ τὴν παννυχίδα θεασόμεθα. καὶ
συνεσόμεθά τε πολλοῖς τῶν νέων αὐτόθι καὶ διαλεξόμεθα. ἀλλὰ μένετε καὶ μὴ ἄλλως
ποιεῖτε.
καὶ ὁ Γλαύκων, ἔοικεν, ἔφη, μενετέον εἶναι.
ἀλλ᾽ εἰ δοκεῖ, ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ, οὕτω χρὴ ποιεῖν. 10
ἦιμεν οὖν οἴκαδε εἰς τοῦ Πολεμάρχου, καὶ Λυσίαν τε αὐτόθι κατελάβομεν καὶ
Εὐθύδημον, τοὺς τοῦ Πολεμάρχου ἀδελφούς, καὶ δὴ καὶ Θρασύμαχον τὸν
Καλχηδόνιον καὶ Χαρμαντίδην τὸν Παιανιᾶ καὶ Κλειτοφῶντα τὸν Ἀριστωνύμου. ἦν δ᾽ ἔνδον
καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ τοῦ Πολεμάρχου Κέφαλος. καὶ μάλα πρεσβύτης μοι
ἔδοξεν εἶναι· διὰ χρόνου γὰρ καὶ ἑωράκη αὐτόν. καθῆστο δὲ ἐστεφανωμένος 15
ἐπί τινος προσκεφαλαίου τε καὶ δίφρου· τεθυκὼς γὰρ ἐτύγχανεν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ. ἐκαθεζόμεθα
οὖν παρ᾽ αὐτόν· ἔκειντο γὰρ δίφροι τινὲς αὐτόθι κύκλῳ.
εὐθὺς οὖν με ἰδὼν ὁ Κέφαλος ἠσπάζετό τε καὶ εἶπεν· ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐδὲ θαμίζεις ἡμῖν
καταβαίνων εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ. χρῆν μέντοι. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ ἔτι ἐν δυνάμει ἦ
τοῦ ῥᾳδίως πορεύεσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ, οὐδὲν ἂν σὲ ἔδει δεῦρο ἰέναι, ἀλλ᾽ ἡμεῖς 20
ἂν παρὰ σὲ ᾖμεν.
Plato, Republic 1.328a–328d
(a) καὶ ὁ Ἀδείμαντος … τῇ θεῷ (lines 1–2): what event does Adeimantus tell Socrates about? [2]
(b) ἀφ᾽ ἵππων … χρὴ ποιεῖν (lines 3–10): how does Plato make his characters vivid and engaging for his
audience?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(c) καὶ μάλα … ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ (lines 14–16): how is Cephalus described here? [3]
(d) Translate ἐκαθεζόμεθα οὖν … σὲ ᾖμεν (lines 17–21). [5]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
May 2026 – Afternoon
AS Level Classical Greek
H044/02 Literature
Time allowed: 2 hours
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
Do not use:
• a dictionary
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must be
clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 12 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
OCR AS Level Classical Greek Literature (H044/02) Question Paper
And Mark Scheme
, 2
Answer one question in Section A and one question in Section B
Section A Prose
Literature
Answer Question 1 or Question 2
1 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
ἀπικομένους δὲ τούς Φοίνικας ἐς δὴ τὸ Ἄργος τοῦτο διατίθεσθαι τὸν φόρτον. πέμπτῃ δὲ ἢ
ἕκτῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀπ᾽ ἧς ἀπίκοντο, ἐξεμπολημένων σφι σχεδόν πάντων, ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν
θάλασσαν γυναῖκας ἄλλας τε πολλάς καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦ βασιλέος θυγατέρα· τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνομα
εἶναι, κατὰ τὠυτὸ τὸ καὶ Ἕλληνές λέγουσι, Ἰοῦν τὴν
Ἰνάχου· ταύτας στάσας κατά πρύμνην τῆς νεὸς ὠνέεσθαι τῶν φορτίων τῶν σφι 5
ἦν θυμός μάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας διακελευσαμένους ὁρμῆσαι ἐπ᾽ αὐτάς. τὰς μὲν δὴ
πλεῦνας τῶν γυναικῶν ἀποφυγεῖν, τὴν δὲ Ἰοῦν σὺν ἄλλῃσι ἁρπασθῆναι· ἐσβαλομένους δὲ
ἐς τὴν νέα οἴχεσθαι ἀποπλέοντας ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου.
οὕτω μὲν Ἰοῦν ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπικέσθαι λέγουσι Πέρσαι, οὐκ ὡς Ἕλληνες, καὶ
τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἑλλήνων τινάς (οὐ γὰρ 10
ἔχουσι τοὔνομα ἀπηγήσασθαι) φασὶ τῆς Φοινίκης ἐς Τύρον προσσχόντας ἁρπάσαι τοῦ
βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Εὐρώπην. εἴησαν δ᾽ ἄν οὗτοι Κρῆτες. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα
σφι γενέσθαι· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἕλληνας αἰτίους τῆς δευτέρης ἀδικίης γενέσθαι.
καταπλώσαντας γὰρ μακρῇ νηί ἐς Αἶάν τε τὴν
Κολχίδα καὶ ἐπὶ Φᾶσιν ποταμόν, ἐνθεῦτεν, διαπρηξαμένους καὶ τἄλλα τῶν 15
εἵνεκεν ἀπίκατο, ἁρπάσαι τοῦ βασιλέος τὴν θυγατέρα Μηδείην.
Herodotus, Histories 1.1–2
(a) ἀπικομένους … θυγατέρα (lines 1–4): how did Io meet the Phoenicians? [3]
(b) Translate τὸ δέ οἱ οὔνομα … ἐπ᾽ Αἰγύπτου (lines 4–8). [5]
(c) οὕτω μὲν Ἰοῦν … ἀδικίης γενέσθαι (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus attempt to make his account
seem credible and reasonable?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(d) καταπλώσαντας … Μηδείην (lines 14–16): what does Herodotus claim the Greeks then did? [3]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
, 3
μαθοῦσὰ δὲ τὸ ποιηθέν ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς οὔτε ἀνέβωσε αἰσχυνθεῖσα οὔτε ἔδοξε μαθεῖν, ἐν
νόῳ ἔχουσα τίσεσθαι τὸν Κανδαύλεα· παρὰ γὰρ τοῖσι Λυδοῖσι, σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ παρὰ τοῖσι
ἄλλοισι βαρβάροισι, καὶ ἄνδρα ὀφθῆναι γυμνόν ἐς αἰσχύνην μεγάλην φέρει.
τότε μὲν δὴ οὕτω οὐδέν δηλώσασα ἡσυχίην εἶχε· ὡς δὲ ἡμέρη τάχιστα ἐγεγόνεε, 5
τῶν οἰκετέων τοὺς μάλιστα ὥρα πιστοὺς ἐόντας ἑωυτῇ, ἑτοίμους ποιησαμένη ἐκάλεε τὸν
Γύγεα. ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν δοκέων αὐτήν τῶν πρηχθέντων ἐπίστασθαι ἦλθε καλεόμενος· ἐώθεε
γὰρ καὶ πρόσθε, ὅκως ἡ βασίλεια καλέοι, φοιτᾶν. ὡς δὲ
ὁ Γύγης ἀπίκετο, ἔλεγε ἡ γυνὴ τάδε. ‘νῦν τοί δυῶν ὁδῶν παρεουσέων, Γύγη,
δίδωμί αἵρεσιν, ὁκοτέρην βούλεαι τραπέσθαι. ἢ γὰρ Κανδαύλεα ἀποκτείνας 10
ἐμέ τε καὶ τὴν βασιληίην ἔχε τὴν Λυδῶν, ἢ αὐτόν σε αὐτίκα οὕτω ἀποθνήσκειν δεῖ, ὡς ἂν
μὴ πάντα πειθόμενος Κανδαύλῃ τοῦ λοιποῦ ἴδῃς τὰ μὴ σε δεῖ. ἀλλ᾽ ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε τὸν
ταῦτα βουλεύσαντα δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι, ἢ σε τὸν ἐμὲ γυμνήν θεησάμενον καὶ ποιήσαντα οὐ
νομιζόμενα.’
Herodotus, Histories 1.10–11
(e) μαθοῦσὰ δὲ … μαθεῖν (lines 1–2): how did Candaules’ wife react when she discovered what he had done?
[1]
(f) ἐν νόῳ ἔχουσα … μεγάλην φέρει (lines 2–4): why did she decide to punish Candaules? [2]
(g) τότε μὲν … Γύγεα (lines 5–7): how did she prepare to put her plan into action? [2]
(h) νῦν τοί … νομιζόμενα (lines 9–14): how does Herodotus make the speech of Candaules’ wife forceful
and decisive?
Make four points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [8]
(i) * ‘Herodotus’ Histories should be read more for entertainment than for historical fact.’ How
far do you agree with this statement?
You must use material from parts of the text you have studied in English, where relevant, as well as those
parts you have read in Greek. [10]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25 Turn over
, 4
Do not answer this question if you have already answered Question 1.
2 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
καὶ ὁ Ἀδείμαντος, ἆρά γε, ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, οὐδ᾽ ἴστε ὅτι λαμπὰς ἔσται πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἀφ᾽ ἵππων τῇ
θεῷ;
ἀφ᾽ ἵππων; ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ· καινόν γε τοῦτο. λαμπάδια ἔχοντες διαδώσουσιν ἀλλήλοις
ἁμιλλώμενοι τοῖς ἵπποις; ἢ πῶς λέγεις;
οὕτως, ἔφη ὁ Πολέμαρχος. καὶ πρός γε παννυχίδα ποιήσουσιν, ἣν ἄξιον 5
θεάσασθαι· ἐξαναστησόμεθα γὰρ μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον καὶ τὴν παννυχίδα θεασόμεθα. καὶ
συνεσόμεθά τε πολλοῖς τῶν νέων αὐτόθι καὶ διαλεξόμεθα. ἀλλὰ μένετε καὶ μὴ ἄλλως
ποιεῖτε.
καὶ ὁ Γλαύκων, ἔοικεν, ἔφη, μενετέον εἶναι.
ἀλλ᾽ εἰ δοκεῖ, ἦν δ᾽ ἐγώ, οὕτω χρὴ ποιεῖν. 10
ἦιμεν οὖν οἴκαδε εἰς τοῦ Πολεμάρχου, καὶ Λυσίαν τε αὐτόθι κατελάβομεν καὶ
Εὐθύδημον, τοὺς τοῦ Πολεμάρχου ἀδελφούς, καὶ δὴ καὶ Θρασύμαχον τὸν
Καλχηδόνιον καὶ Χαρμαντίδην τὸν Παιανιᾶ καὶ Κλειτοφῶντα τὸν Ἀριστωνύμου. ἦν δ᾽ ἔνδον
καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ὁ τοῦ Πολεμάρχου Κέφαλος. καὶ μάλα πρεσβύτης μοι
ἔδοξεν εἶναι· διὰ χρόνου γὰρ καὶ ἑωράκη αὐτόν. καθῆστο δὲ ἐστεφανωμένος 15
ἐπί τινος προσκεφαλαίου τε καὶ δίφρου· τεθυκὼς γὰρ ἐτύγχανεν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ. ἐκαθεζόμεθα
οὖν παρ᾽ αὐτόν· ἔκειντο γὰρ δίφροι τινὲς αὐτόθι κύκλῳ.
εὐθὺς οὖν με ἰδὼν ὁ Κέφαλος ἠσπάζετό τε καὶ εἶπεν· ὦ Σώκρατες, οὐδὲ θαμίζεις ἡμῖν
καταβαίνων εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ. χρῆν μέντοι. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ ἔτι ἐν δυνάμει ἦ
τοῦ ῥᾳδίως πορεύεσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ, οὐδὲν ἂν σὲ ἔδει δεῦρο ἰέναι, ἀλλ᾽ ἡμεῖς 20
ἂν παρὰ σὲ ᾖμεν.
Plato, Republic 1.328a–328d
(a) καὶ ὁ Ἀδείμαντος … τῇ θεῷ (lines 1–2): what event does Adeimantus tell Socrates about? [2]
(b) ἀφ᾽ ἵππων … χρὴ ποιεῖν (lines 3–10): how does Plato make his characters vivid and engaging for his
audience?
Make three points and support your answer with reference to the Greek text. [6]
(c) καὶ μάλα … ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ (lines 14–16): how is Cephalus described here? [3]
(d) Translate ἐκαθεζόμεθα οὖν … σὲ ᾖμεν (lines 17–21). [5]
© OCR 2025 H044/02 Jun25
