JMU HTH 423 EXAM 1 with correct answers 100% 2026

JMU HTH 423 EXAM 1 with correct answers 100% 2026 Ethics - Correct Answer The study of morality using the tools and methods of philosophy. Descriptive Ethics - Correct Answer The study of morality using the methodology of science. Investigate empirical facts or morality The beliefs, behaviors, and practices that constitute people's moral experiences. Normative Ethics - Correct Answer The search for, and justification of, moral standards, or norms. Driving on the right side of the road Metaethics - Correct Answer The study of the meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs. Using theories to know why we do things that we do Applied Ethics - Correct Answer The use of moral norms and concepts to resolve practical moral issues. In a practical perspective Bioethics - Correct Answer Applied ethics focused on health care, medical research, and medical technology. Bioethics Topics - Correct Answer -PAS -Abortion -PVS removal -etc.... Normative Dominance - Correct Answer Norms that dominate Ex. Not killing, driving on the right side of the road Universality - Correct Answer Logical norms Ex. Lying Impartiality - Correct Answer Everyone is the same: no bias. Prohibits discrimination based on somebody's differences. Ex. Treat all chest pains the same, treating criminal patients like normal patients Reasonableness - Correct Answer Moral judgements must be backed up by the best of reasons, for accepting them reasons that could be acknowledged as such by any other reasoning persons Ex. PAS Moral Obligations... - Correct Answer Concern our duty- our actions Ex. obligated to help patient Moral Values... - Correct Answer Concern things we judge to be morally good, bad, praiseworthy, or blameworthy-- character or motives Absolute Principle - Correct Answer Applied without exceptions - no grey area - It is either right or wrong Prima Facie Principle - Correct Answer Applies in all cases unless an exception is warrented - Allows grey area - Allows exceptions Autonomy - Correct Answer A person's rational capacity for self-governance or self-determination - the ability to direct one's own life and choose for oneself. Paternalism - Correct Answer The overriding of a person's actions or decision-making for their own good. (Temporarily restraining in patient mental health patient to keep them from hurting themselves; giving an experimental drug to someone without their knowledge or consent; telling a terminal patient they will get better, when they won't). Nonmaleficence - Correct Answer Not intentionally or unintentionally inflict harm on others (do no harm) Beneficence - Correct Answer Do good to others. Enjoins us to advance the welfare of others and prevent or remove harm to them. Utility - Correct Answer Producing the most favorable balance of good over bad for all concerned. In the real world, we cannot always just benefit other or just avoid harming them. Sometimes doing good also does harm; we cannot help everyone who needs helped. We should do what yields the best overall outcome - maximum good and minimum evil, everyone considered. Justice - Correct Answer People getting what is fair or what is their due Ex. Veterans getting care