JMU HTH 423 Exam 1 Dr. Coleman with correct answers 100% 2026

JMU HTH 423 Exam 1 Dr. Coleman with correct answers 100% 2026 Universal Ethics - Correct Answer What does not exist? Normative Ethical Theories - Correct Answer - Authority Based Theories - Deontological Theories - Egoistic Theories Karl Marx (Capitalism) - Correct Answer Authoritative Based ethics can be faith-based and can be ideological like - Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, or Buddhist ethics. Authority Based Ethics - Correct Answer Determines the right thing to do on the basis of what an authority figure has said - To be effective, the claim must be a norm to everyone - Is an important part of patient-centered care - Provides insight into thinking of key players of healthcare provision St. Thomas Aquinas - Correct Answer The Natural Law Theory uses the traditions of whom? Natural Law Theory - Correct Answer Nature order both rationally and in accordance with God's wisdom or providence. The right thing to do is in accord with the providential ordered nature of the world Ex. Abortions, euthanasia, and social justice The Double Effect - Correct Answer 1. The act must be good or at least morally neutral, independent of its consequences 2. The agent intends only the good effects not the bad effects 3. The bad effect must not be a means to the good effect 4. The good effect must out weigh the bad effect The Double Effect Principle - Correct Answer Often invoked to explain allowing an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death of human being, as a side effect of promoting some good end The Catholic Church - Correct Answer Natural Law Theories are important because of the influence of ____ and the extent it drew on Aquinas as an early writer in the field of ethics Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill - Correct Answer Who was responsible for the teleological theories? Teleological Theories - Correct Answer Considers the ethics of a decision to be dependent on the consequences of the action. These theories are called consequentialism - The basic idea to maximize the good of a situation - Consequentialism/Utilitarianism Stuart Mill's Focus - Correct Answer The greatest good for the greatest number of people Hedonist - Correct Answer Bentham was a ____ as such he did not stress who was the recipient of the pleasure Rule Consequentialism - Correct Answer We should live by "rules" that in general are likely to lead to the greatest good for the greatest number Negative Consequentialism - Correct Answer The alleviation of suffering is more important than the maximization of pleasure Preference Utilitarianism - Correct Answer Actions are good if they maximize the satisfaction of preference or desires, no matter what the preference may be for Ex. Assisted end of life. Selling cigarettes Immanuel Kant - Correct Answer Deontological theories find their origins in whom? Duty - Correct Answer Deon is from Greek and means what? Deontological Theories - Correct Answer Could be called the science of determining our duties. Most authors place the originator of this theory in extreme opposition against consequentialism - Humans have universal rational duties to one another - All humans are worthy of respect and dignity - All moral stem from such duties, regardless of consequences Would it be OK if everyone took this type of action? - Correct Answer Act only by that maxim, by which you can, at the same time, will that it be a universal law Other people should not be seen as a means to an ends - Correct Answer So act as to treat humanity whether in your own person or in that of any other in every case as an end in itself, never as a means only