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Which of the following helps the body release growth hormone (growth hormone assists in
tissue regeneration, synthesis of bone, and formation of red blood cells)?
1) A healthy diet
2) Physical activity
3) Restful sleep
4) Comfortable room temperature - CORRECT ANSWER-ANS: 3
During sleep, our bodies release the majority of our growth hormone, which assists in tissue
regeneration, synthesis of bone, and formation of red blood cells. Consuming healthy foods
helps prevent disease. Physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and promotes
longevity. Keeping the body at a comfortable temperature helps maintain health but not release
of growth hormone.
A client has been hospitalized for 6 weeks. All of the following interventions are good ones; but
which intervention is specifically focused on helping the patient cope with the emotional
responses to prolonged hospitalization?
1) Providing skin care every shift to prevent skin breakdown
2) Encouraging the patient to get up in a chair to eat meals
3) Assisting the patient to ambulate in the hallway for several minutes each day
,4) Designating a corner of the patients room to display personal mementos - CORRECT
ANSWER-ANS: 4
The patients environment can help nourish wellness. Helping the patient designate a corner of
the room to display personal mementos can be healing and help the patient cope with the
prolonged hospitalization. The other interventions might be helpful to the patient but are not as
helpful in specifically dealing with hospitalization as is designating a portion of the room that is
uniquely hers.
Which of the following is particularly valuable in helping a patient with a terminal illness
maintain a sense of self?
1) Family relationships
2) Spirituality
3) Nutrition
4) Sleep and rest - CORRECT ANSWER-ANS: 2
When patients are faced with a terminal illness, spirituality can help the patient maintain his
sense of self. Family relationships can provide a loving, supportive source of comfort and
reassurance, but sometimes cause the patient pain and a feeling of loneliness when faced with
a terminal illness. Nutrition, sleep, and rest are healing but usually not as helpful to a patient
with terminal illness as is spirituality.
A client with a history of schizophrenia is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. What is
probably the most significant barrier this patient faces?
1) Chronic urinary incontinence
2) Stigma associated with mental illness
3) Risk for recurring infections
4) Auditory hallucinations (hearing things) - CORRECT ANSWER-ANS: 2
Mental illness is associated with a stigma that is usually a barrier, and even considered a
debilitating handicap. Chronic urinary incontinence is not commonly associated with urinary
tract infection, and nothing in the scenario suggests that the patient is incontinent. The patient
is at risk for recurring urinary tract infections, but this is not considered a debilitating handicap.
,Auditory hallucinations are associated with schizophrenia but have not been described as the
most debilitating handicap.
A 76-year-old patient is admitted with an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). The doctor
tells the patient that an angioplasty is necessary. The patient agrees and signs the informed
consent. This patient is experiencing which stage of illness behavior?
1) Sick-role behavior
2) Seeking professional care
3) Experiencing symptoms
4) Dependence on others - CORRECT ANSWER-ANS: 4
This patient is experiencing the dependence-on-others stage of illness behavior; he has
accepted the diagnosis and treatment of the healthcare provider. The patient entered the
experiencing illness stage when he began having chest pain at home. He entered the sick-role
behavior phase when he admitted to family that he was experiencing chest pain. When he
decided to go to the emergency department for health care intervention, he entered the
seeking-professional-care stage of illness.
Many health providers define illness as pathology; however, people experience, rather than
define, illness. Which of the following is how most people experience illness?
1) Feeling lousy, a true sense of not being all right
2) A change in the way they feel or a disruption in their typical life
3) Something to be dreaded and avoided if at all possible
4) An experience that offers the potential for learning and spiritual growth - CORRECT ANSWER-
ANS: 2
People typically describe their illness in terms of how it makes them feel or the effect it has on
day-to-day life. Feeling lousy is inappropriate as many people do not feel lousy when they are ill.
For example, hypertension is an illness that may have no symptoms. Similarly, patients may have
chronic disease that is well managed and therefore does not make them feel ill. Something to
be dreaded and avoided . . . is also not accurate. If a person has an external locus of control, he
may view illness as a consequence of actions taken. From this viewpoint, he may have little
control over whether he can avoid illness. Finally, although some people do grow and learn in
, the face of illness, most people do not hold such a positive view about illnessand the question
asks how people experience illness.
Dunn believes that an individuals state of health should be evaluated in the context of the
persons environment. This approach illustrates that:
1) An unhealthy physical environment, characterized by poor living conditions, always has a
negative effect on an individuals health.
2) Adequate income, food, and shelter create a healthful environment and always improve
physical health status.
3) Physical environment, family, and social support may help or hinder the health status of an
individual.
4) The environment that should always be assessed is the clients immediate surroundings;
extended boundaries do not apply in an ill state. - CORRECT ANSWER-ANS: 3
The home environment, community, family, friends, and support system all influence health
status. The balance among these variables has a net positive or negative effect on a clients
health status. The effect of poor living conditions may be offset by the presence of loving family
and friends. Poverty does not always have a negative effect on health. Similarly, the presence of
food, shelter, and clothing does not always convey protective health, as loneliness and
hopelessness may counteract these positive influences. When examining the clients
environment, extended boundaries must be considered, especially when providing community-
based care.
Some people readily become ill when under stress. Others are able to deal with tremendous
stress and remain physically and mentally healthy. This disparity is affected by a persons level of
hardiness. How can you apply this knowledge to your nursing care?
1) You cannot use this information at all. People are innately hardy or not. This is something that
you must merely recognize.
2) You should encourage all people to develop some level of hardiness in order to get through
difficult physical and emotional times.
3) You should assess for your own level of hardiness: if you are hardy, you will be a better nurse;
if you are not, you can learn more about hardiness.