NOCTI Cybersecurity Fundamentals and Practices Complete Exam Study Questions with Verified Answers Graded A+

NOCTI Cybersecurity Fundamentals and Practices Complete Exam Study Questions with Verified Answers Graded A+ 1. What does the CIA Triad stand for? - ANSWER Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability 2. Which is something you are? - ANSWER Biometric scan 3. What does multi-factor authentication require? - ANSWER Two or more verification methods 4. What does malware stand for? - ANSWER Malicious software 5. What does a virus require to spread? - ANSWER User interaction 6. How does a worm differ from a virus? - ANSWER Self-replicates without user action 7. What is a Trojan horse? - ANSWER Malware disguised as legitimate software 8. What does ransomware do? - ANSWER Encrypts files until payment is made 9. What does spyware primarily do? - ANSWER Monitors user activity 10. What does a keylogger record? - ANSWER Keystrokes 11. What is the purpose of a rootkit? - ANSWER Hide malicious processes 12. What are botnets? - ANSWER Networks of compromised computers 13. Which malware spreads automatically through networks? - ANSWER Worm 14. How do phishing attacks usually occur? - ANSWER Emails 15. What is smishing? - ANSWER Phishing through SMS messages 16. What does DDoS stand for? - ANSWER Distributed Denial of Service 17. What does password spraying involve? - ANSWER Trying common passwords on many accounts 18. What does credential stuffing use? - ANSWER Stolen usernames and passwords 19. What are zero-day vulnerabilities? - ANSWER Newly discovered vulnerabilities 20. What are exploits? - ANSWER Methods used to take advantage of vulnerabilities 21. What does antivirus software detect? - ANSWER Malware 22. What does patch management involve? - ANSWER Updating software to fix vulnerabilities 23. What does a security update fix? - ANSWER Software vulnerabilities 24. What does hardening a system mean? - ANSWER Reducing vulnerabilities 25. What does disabling unused services help with? - ANSWER Reduce attack surface 26. What does encryption convert data into? - ANSWER Ciphertext 27. What does decryption convert? - ANSWER Ciphertext to plaintext 28. What is AES an example of? - ANSWER Symmetric encryption 29. What is RSA? - ANSWER Asymmetric encryption 30. What does business continuity planning ensure? - ANSWER Operations continue after disruption 31. What does disaster recovery focus on? - ANSWER System restoration after major failure 32. What is WPA3 used for? - ANSWER Wireless security 33. What does SSID refer to? - ANSWER Wireless network name 34. What are rogue access points? - ANSWER Unauthorized wireless devices 35. What does MAC filtering allow? - ANSWER Device-based network control 36. What encryption does WPA2 use? - ANSWER AES encryption 37. What do data backups protect against? - ANSWER Data loss 38. What does a full backup copy? - ANSWER All data 39. What does an incremental backup copy? - ANSWER Files changed since last backup 40. What does least privilege mean? - ANSWER Minimum access required 41. What does defense in depth mean? - ANSWER Multiple layers of security 42. How many layers does the OSI model have? - ANSWER 7 layers 43. What is the application layer of the OSI model? - ANSWER Layer 7 44. What is Layer 1 of the OSI model? - ANSWER Physical