Physio 261 Lab Final Review Comprehensive Final Guide
2026 | 100% Accurate Answers
1. Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure to facilitate blood
flow?
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left ventricle
2. What is the term for the age-related loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye?
Astigmatism
Cataract
Myopia
Presbyopia
3. What is the result of cells being placed in a hypotonic solution?
They take on water by osmosis until they burst.
They lose water by osmosis and shrink.
They retain their normal size and shape.
They become bloated but do not burst.
4. Describe what happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution and
explain why this occurs.
The cell bursts due to excessive water intake, which is caused by
diffusion.
, The cell swells as water enters due to osmosis, which occurs
because the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than
inside.
The cell remains the same size as water enters and leaves at equal
rates.
The cell shrinks as water leaves due to osmosis, which occurs because
the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell.
5. A possible cause of muscle fatigue is
Depletion of ATP
Build up of lactic acid
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
6. Describe the process by which glucose enters cells through facilitated
diffusion.
Glucose is engulfed by the cell through endocytosis.
Glucose is actively transported into cells using ATP.
Glucose diffuses freely across the cell membrane without assistance.
Glucose enters cells through facilitated diffusion via specific
transport proteins in the cell membrane.
7. During a routine physical exam at the clinic, a client is asked to provide a
urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse is aware that which of the following
would not be included in the results of this test?
Types of bacteria in the urine
Presence of glucose in the urine
, Urine clarity and odor
Measurement of urine pH
8. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for innervating skeletal muscle
False
True
9. Which of the following characteristics cannot be examined in the urinalysis
using dipsticks?
Type of bacterial infection
Glucose
pH
Protein
10. Describe the physiological impact on a muscle when its nerve supply is lost.
The muscle will start to contract more frequently.
The muscle continues to function normally without nerve input.
The muscle will begin to regenerate nerve connections.
The loss of nerve supply leads to muscle paralysis due to the
inability to receive signals for contraction.
11. Describe the relationship between blood type and the presence of
antibodies in the plasma.
Individuals with type A blood have B antigens and produce Anti-A
antibodies.
Individuals with type A blood have A antigens and produce Anti-B
antibodies to prevent reactions with type B blood.
, Individuals with type A blood can receive type B blood without any
issues.
Individuals with type A blood have no antibodies in their plasma.
12. A PT performs a 2-point discrimination test on a pt's hand to assess fine
touch. Which of these statements are accurate about Receptive Fields on the
hand.
Receptive fields send information to multiple parts of the brain to
accurately assess the 2 pt tool.
Receptive fields are sensitive here because of their small
representation on the Homonculus.
Receptive fields are smaller and numerous here to detect 2 pts.
Receptive fields are large so the pt can easily feel the 2 pts.
13. Describe the difference between tachycardia and bradycardia in terms of
heart rate.
Bradycardia is a normal heart rate, while tachycardia is a sign of heart
disease.
Tachycardia refers to a heart rate over 100 beats per minute, while
bradycardia refers to a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Both tachycardia and bradycardia refer to heart rates above 100
beats per minute.
Tachycardia is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute, while
bradycardia is above 100 beats per minute.
14. What is the consequence of nerve damage to a muscle?
The muscle contracts involuntarily.
2026 | 100% Accurate Answers
1. Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure to facilitate blood
flow?
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left ventricle
2. What is the term for the age-related loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye?
Astigmatism
Cataract
Myopia
Presbyopia
3. What is the result of cells being placed in a hypotonic solution?
They take on water by osmosis until they burst.
They lose water by osmosis and shrink.
They retain their normal size and shape.
They become bloated but do not burst.
4. Describe what happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution and
explain why this occurs.
The cell bursts due to excessive water intake, which is caused by
diffusion.
, The cell swells as water enters due to osmosis, which occurs
because the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than
inside.
The cell remains the same size as water enters and leaves at equal
rates.
The cell shrinks as water leaves due to osmosis, which occurs because
the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell.
5. A possible cause of muscle fatigue is
Depletion of ATP
Build up of lactic acid
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
6. Describe the process by which glucose enters cells through facilitated
diffusion.
Glucose is engulfed by the cell through endocytosis.
Glucose is actively transported into cells using ATP.
Glucose diffuses freely across the cell membrane without assistance.
Glucose enters cells through facilitated diffusion via specific
transport proteins in the cell membrane.
7. During a routine physical exam at the clinic, a client is asked to provide a
urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse is aware that which of the following
would not be included in the results of this test?
Types of bacteria in the urine
Presence of glucose in the urine
, Urine clarity and odor
Measurement of urine pH
8. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for innervating skeletal muscle
False
True
9. Which of the following characteristics cannot be examined in the urinalysis
using dipsticks?
Type of bacterial infection
Glucose
pH
Protein
10. Describe the physiological impact on a muscle when its nerve supply is lost.
The muscle will start to contract more frequently.
The muscle continues to function normally without nerve input.
The muscle will begin to regenerate nerve connections.
The loss of nerve supply leads to muscle paralysis due to the
inability to receive signals for contraction.
11. Describe the relationship between blood type and the presence of
antibodies in the plasma.
Individuals with type A blood have B antigens and produce Anti-A
antibodies.
Individuals with type A blood have A antigens and produce Anti-B
antibodies to prevent reactions with type B blood.
, Individuals with type A blood can receive type B blood without any
issues.
Individuals with type A blood have no antibodies in their plasma.
12. A PT performs a 2-point discrimination test on a pt's hand to assess fine
touch. Which of these statements are accurate about Receptive Fields on the
hand.
Receptive fields send information to multiple parts of the brain to
accurately assess the 2 pt tool.
Receptive fields are sensitive here because of their small
representation on the Homonculus.
Receptive fields are smaller and numerous here to detect 2 pts.
Receptive fields are large so the pt can easily feel the 2 pts.
13. Describe the difference between tachycardia and bradycardia in terms of
heart rate.
Bradycardia is a normal heart rate, while tachycardia is a sign of heart
disease.
Tachycardia refers to a heart rate over 100 beats per minute, while
bradycardia refers to a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Both tachycardia and bradycardia refer to heart rates above 100
beats per minute.
Tachycardia is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute, while
bradycardia is above 100 beats per minute.
14. What is the consequence of nerve damage to a muscle?
The muscle contracts involuntarily.
