Bms 251 - Exam #3 With Questions And
Answers Latest Update 2026
Respiration (Oxygen and CO2 exchange
between atmosphere and body cells)
Ventilation (Breathing)
Functions of respiratory system
Pulmonary Gas Exchange (External Respiration)
Tissue Gas Exchange (Internal Respiration)
Cellular Respiration
Air passageway
Site of exchange O2 and CO2
General functions of respiratory system
Detection of odors
Sound production
Structural organization of RS Upper and lower respiratory tracts
Functional organization of RS Conducting and respiratory zone
Respiratory tract: Psuedostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium
Traps foreign particles (mucus) and removes
Structure of mucosa membrane
trapped particles out of respiratory tract (cilia)
From nasal cavity to alveoli, epithelium gets
thinner
Olfactory region
Regions of the nasal cavity Respiratory region
Nasal vestibule
Detects odors
Olfactory region Olfactory epithelium is in mucus membrane
Contains olfactory receptors to detect odors
, Conditions incoming air
Respiratory region Conchae: produce turbulence in inhaled air to
increase contact of air with mucosa (warm,
cleanse, humidify)
Nasal vestibule Traps large particulates
, Vibrissae: course hair that serve to trap inhaled
pathogens & debris
Passageway for air and food
Mucosa and tonsils protect from ingested
Function of pharynx substances
Eustachian tubes equalize pressure on either
side of tympanic membranes
Nasopharynx: Respiratory only, leads to auditory
tubes, pharyngeal tonsils, psuedostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium
Oropharynx: Respiratory and digestive, lingual
Three regions of pharynx
and palatine tonsils, nonkenatinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx: Respiratory and digestive,
nonkenatinized stratified squamous epithelium
Inferior to pharynx, superior to trachea
Structure and function of larynx Passageway for air, prevent aspiration of
ingested material, speech, sneeze/cough reflex,
valsalva manuever
How does the larynx contribute to sound
Exhaled air vibrates the vocal folds
production?
Windpipe
Inferior to larynx, anterior to espohagus
Structure and function of the trachea
Carries oxygen
Has cartilage rings
Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Structural subdivisions of bronchial tree
Segmental bronchi
Smaller bronchi
Transitions to smooth muscle in bronchioles
Location and function of smooth muscle in
bronchial tree To allow for bronchocontriction and
bronchodilation
Limits airflow in bronchial tree
Bronchoconstriction
Limits entry of harmful substances
Maximizes airflow in bronchial tree
Bronchodilation Maximizes O2 delivery and CO2 removal
Sympathetic NS
Answers Latest Update 2026
Respiration (Oxygen and CO2 exchange
between atmosphere and body cells)
Ventilation (Breathing)
Functions of respiratory system
Pulmonary Gas Exchange (External Respiration)
Tissue Gas Exchange (Internal Respiration)
Cellular Respiration
Air passageway
Site of exchange O2 and CO2
General functions of respiratory system
Detection of odors
Sound production
Structural organization of RS Upper and lower respiratory tracts
Functional organization of RS Conducting and respiratory zone
Respiratory tract: Psuedostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium
Traps foreign particles (mucus) and removes
Structure of mucosa membrane
trapped particles out of respiratory tract (cilia)
From nasal cavity to alveoli, epithelium gets
thinner
Olfactory region
Regions of the nasal cavity Respiratory region
Nasal vestibule
Detects odors
Olfactory region Olfactory epithelium is in mucus membrane
Contains olfactory receptors to detect odors
, Conditions incoming air
Respiratory region Conchae: produce turbulence in inhaled air to
increase contact of air with mucosa (warm,
cleanse, humidify)
Nasal vestibule Traps large particulates
, Vibrissae: course hair that serve to trap inhaled
pathogens & debris
Passageway for air and food
Mucosa and tonsils protect from ingested
Function of pharynx substances
Eustachian tubes equalize pressure on either
side of tympanic membranes
Nasopharynx: Respiratory only, leads to auditory
tubes, pharyngeal tonsils, psuedostratified
ciliated columnar epithelium
Oropharynx: Respiratory and digestive, lingual
Three regions of pharynx
and palatine tonsils, nonkenatinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx: Respiratory and digestive,
nonkenatinized stratified squamous epithelium
Inferior to pharynx, superior to trachea
Structure and function of larynx Passageway for air, prevent aspiration of
ingested material, speech, sneeze/cough reflex,
valsalva manuever
How does the larynx contribute to sound
Exhaled air vibrates the vocal folds
production?
Windpipe
Inferior to larynx, anterior to espohagus
Structure and function of the trachea
Carries oxygen
Has cartilage rings
Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Structural subdivisions of bronchial tree
Segmental bronchi
Smaller bronchi
Transitions to smooth muscle in bronchioles
Location and function of smooth muscle in
bronchial tree To allow for bronchocontriction and
bronchodilation
Limits airflow in bronchial tree
Bronchoconstriction
Limits entry of harmful substances
Maximizes airflow in bronchial tree
Bronchodilation Maximizes O2 delivery and CO2 removal
Sympathetic NS
