WCU PHYS 261 Mid-Term Review Latest Update 2026 |
Exam Prep | 100% Accurate Answers
1. What type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating a single axon segment in
the nervous system?
Microglia
Astrocyte
Schwann cell
Oligodendrocyte
2. Describe the significance of carbonic anhydrase in physiological processes.
Carbonic anhydrase prevents the formation of carbonic acid, thus
regulating blood pH.
Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the rapid conversion of carbon
dioxide and water into carbonic acid, which is crucial for maintaining
acid-base balance in the body.
Carbonic anhydrase is involved in the synthesis of glucose from
carbon dioxide.
Carbonic anhydrase transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
3. Describe the process by which neurotransmitters are released from neurons.
Neurotransmitters are stored in the nucleus and released during cell
division.
Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cell body and released
directly into the bloodstream.
Neurotransmitters are released from dendrites when they receive
signals from other neurons.
, Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic terminals into the
synaptic cleft in response to an action potential.
4. What is the term for the component of a control system that detects changes
in a homeostatically regulated variable?
Stimulus
Integrator
Sensor
Effector
5. In neurons, action potential propagation occurs along the axon. The
analogous structure in skeletal muscle fibers that enables action potential
propagation is the:
Motor endplate.
Transverse tubule.
Myelin sheath.
Actin filament.
,6. What is the term used to describe the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA
template?
Translocation
Transcription
Translation
Replication
7. Describe the role of kinases in the process of phosphorylation.
Kinases are responsible for removing phosphate groups from
substrates.
Kinases facilitate the breakdown of glucose.
Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate
group to a substrate.
Kinases are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
8. Order is one of the properties of living organisms. Living organisms are highly
organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells. Even
very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex: inside each
cell, atoms comprise molecules. Arrange the following structures going from
lower to higher levels.
, Organelles, cells, organs and organ systems
Cells, organs and organ systems, organelles
Organs and organ systems, organelles, cells
Organelles, organs and organ systems, cells
Organ and organ systems, cells, organelles
9. What is the primary component of white matter in the nervous system?
Unmyelinated axons
Neurons
Glial cells
Myelinated axons
10. What type of feedback mechanism is illustrated by the release of insulin in
response to increased blood glucose levels?
Positive feedback
Homeostatic feedback
Negative feedback
Exam Prep | 100% Accurate Answers
1. What type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating a single axon segment in
the nervous system?
Microglia
Astrocyte
Schwann cell
Oligodendrocyte
2. Describe the significance of carbonic anhydrase in physiological processes.
Carbonic anhydrase prevents the formation of carbonic acid, thus
regulating blood pH.
Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the rapid conversion of carbon
dioxide and water into carbonic acid, which is crucial for maintaining
acid-base balance in the body.
Carbonic anhydrase is involved in the synthesis of glucose from
carbon dioxide.
Carbonic anhydrase transports oxygen in the bloodstream.
3. Describe the process by which neurotransmitters are released from neurons.
Neurotransmitters are stored in the nucleus and released during cell
division.
Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cell body and released
directly into the bloodstream.
Neurotransmitters are released from dendrites when they receive
signals from other neurons.
, Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic terminals into the
synaptic cleft in response to an action potential.
4. What is the term for the component of a control system that detects changes
in a homeostatically regulated variable?
Stimulus
Integrator
Sensor
Effector
5. In neurons, action potential propagation occurs along the axon. The
analogous structure in skeletal muscle fibers that enables action potential
propagation is the:
Motor endplate.
Transverse tubule.
Myelin sheath.
Actin filament.
,6. What is the term used to describe the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA
template?
Translocation
Transcription
Translation
Replication
7. Describe the role of kinases in the process of phosphorylation.
Kinases are responsible for removing phosphate groups from
substrates.
Kinases facilitate the breakdown of glucose.
Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate
group to a substrate.
Kinases are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
8. Order is one of the properties of living organisms. Living organisms are highly
organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells. Even
very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex: inside each
cell, atoms comprise molecules. Arrange the following structures going from
lower to higher levels.
, Organelles, cells, organs and organ systems
Cells, organs and organ systems, organelles
Organs and organ systems, organelles, cells
Organelles, organs and organ systems, cells
Organ and organ systems, cells, organelles
9. What is the primary component of white matter in the nervous system?
Unmyelinated axons
Neurons
Glial cells
Myelinated axons
10. What type of feedback mechanism is illustrated by the release of insulin in
response to increased blood glucose levels?
Positive feedback
Homeostatic feedback
Negative feedback
