NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 ||Verified Exam!!||
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What are examples of objective data? - Answer-rash, low
blood pressure, bleeding
What is subjective data? - Answer-What the patient may
report to you
What are examples of subjective data? - Answer-pain
scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology? - Answer-study of the patterns of
disease involving populations. Based on the spread and
contact of diseases in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention? - Answer-
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
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Explain Primary Prevention - Answer-"Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
Examples of Primary Prevention - Answer-Vaccinations
and Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention - Answer-"Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch
disease early before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention - Answer-PAP smears
for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention - Answer-"Treating" and
preventing further complications from a disorder or
disease after the person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention - Answer-Rehab for hip
surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care
after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
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What is homeostasis? - Answer-a state of equilibrium in
which all body systems are in balance and the body is at
its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis? - Answer-ability to successfully adapt
to challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to
achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones
body temp.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome - Answer-
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome -
Answer-Where the sympathetic nervous system is
activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are
activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee or
fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital
organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
- Answer-the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous
system and the endocrine system to return the body to
homeostasis. The body should ultimately adapt to the
stressor.
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Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation
syndrome - Answer-Occurs when the stressor is not
removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer
return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged
that can lead to disease or death.
What is Pathophysiology - Answer-is the study of what
happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go
wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the
human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include? - Answer-
Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and
Treatment Implications
What is etiology - Answer-study of causes or reasons for
phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an
unknown origin or cause.
What is pathogenesis? - Answer-development or evolution
of disease from initial stimulus to the expression of
manifestations as time occurs.