TCC PSYCH 2301 1 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is psychology - Answers - scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Areas in psychology? - Answers - Biology and Experimental, Clinical/Counseling,
Industrial Organizational, Cognitive, Social/Personality, Educational, School,
Developmental
Degrees held in psychology? - Answers - MD-Psychologist, PsyD-Doctor of Psychology,
PHD-Doctor of Socology, MA or MS-Masters Mental Health Counselor
Goals of Psychology? - Answers - Describe, Explain, Predict, Control-lay the foundation
for the scientific approach and experimental designs used to carry out research.
Beginning of psychology? - Answers - Wilhelm Wundt-Germany
Beginning Measuring processes of psychology - Answers - psychological processes
through introspection-effortable reflection on the sensations, feelings, images-
responding to stimulus-followed by objective reports
Introspection - Answers - examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.
Parts of the brain - Answers - Cerebullum (balance and coordination), Brain Stem
(Controls body's involuntary actions: breathing, chewing, thinking), Cerebrum (Area
responsible for all voluntary actions)
Lobes - Answers - frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Frontal lobe - Answers - area of the cortex-organizes information among other lobes-
responsible for higer learning
Parietal lobes - Answers - area of cortex-receives and process sensory information,
touch/pressure/temp./spatial orientation
Occipital lobes - Answers - area of cortex-in back of head-processes visual info.
Temporal lobes - Answers - area of cortex-processes auditory stimuli and language
Humanistic Psychology - Answers - Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow-maintain optimistic
focus on human behavior; believe each person is the master of their own fate, human
direction is towards human growth.
Psychanalytic Psychology - Answers - Sigmund Freud-Interested in abnormal
functioning and unconscious thought; personality is shaped by unconscious conflict
,Behavioral Psychology - Answers - B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson-study of
observable behavior.
Functionalism Psychology - Answers - Mary Whiton Calkins, William James-interested
in how the mind functions to help us adapt and survive.
Structuralism Psychology - Answers - Edward Titchener, Wilhelm Wundt-used reports of
subjective experience (introspection) to describe the structure of the mind.
Cognitive Psychology - Answers - George Miller-renewed focus on mental processes,
including physiological explanations.
Sociocultural Psychology - Answers - Mamie Phipps Clark, Lev Vygotsky-Understand
behavior by examining influences of other people and the larger culture.
Evoluntionary Psychology - Answers - Charles Darwin-Use knowledge about
evolutionary forces to understand behavior.
Biopsychosocial perspective - Answers - explains behavior through the interaction of
biological, psychological, and social factors.
Pseudopsychology - Answers - an approach to explaining and predicting behavior and
events that appears to be psychology, but has no empirical or objective evidence to
support it.
Critical thinking - Answers - weighing various pieces of evidence, synthesizing them,
evaluating, and determining the contributions of each.
Scientific method - Answers - scientists conduct research, which includes a continuing
cycle of exploration, critical thinking, and systematic observation.
Experiment - Answers - A controlled procedure that involves careful examination
through the use of scientific observation and or manipulation and/or manipulation of
variables. (Measurable characteristics)
Hypothesis - Answers - A statement that can be used to test a prediction.
Theory - Answers - Synthesizes observations in order to explain phenomena and guide
predictions to be tested through research.
Operational definition - Answers - The precise manner in which a variable of interest is
defined and measured.
Replicate - Answers - Repeat an experiment generally with a new sample and/or other
changes to the procedures, the goal which is to provide further support for the findings
of the first study.
, Types of research methods - Answers - Variables, population and sample, informed
consent, debriefing.
Variables - Answers - Measurable characteristics that can vary over time or across
people.
Population - Answers - All members of an identified group about which a researcher is
interested.
Sample - Answers - A subset of the population chosen for inclusion in an experiment.
Random sample - Answers - A subset of the population chosen through procedure that
ensures all members of the population have an equally likely chance of being selected
to participate in the study.
Representative sample - Answers - A subgroup of the population selected so that its
members have characteristics that closely reflect those of the population of interest.
Informed consent - Answers - Acknowledgment of study participants that they
understand what their participation will entail.
Debriefing - Answers - Sharing information with participants after their involvement in
the study has ended, including the purpose of the study and deception used in it.
Institutional review board - Answers - The committee that reviews research proposals to
protect the rights and welfare of all participants.
Descriptive research - Answers - describe and explore behaviors, although the findings
cannot definitively state cause and affect relationships
Naturalistic observation - Answers - studies participants in their natural environment
through systematic observation
Observer bias - Answers - errors introduced in the recording of observation due to the
researchers value system, expectations, or attitudes.
Case study - Answers - research that closely examine one individual or small group
Survey method - Answers - uses questionnaires or interviews together data
Correlational method - Answers - examines the relationships among variables.
Correlation - Answers - An association or relationship between two or more variables.
What is psychology - Answers - scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Areas in psychology? - Answers - Biology and Experimental, Clinical/Counseling,
Industrial Organizational, Cognitive, Social/Personality, Educational, School,
Developmental
Degrees held in psychology? - Answers - MD-Psychologist, PsyD-Doctor of Psychology,
PHD-Doctor of Socology, MA or MS-Masters Mental Health Counselor
Goals of Psychology? - Answers - Describe, Explain, Predict, Control-lay the foundation
for the scientific approach and experimental designs used to carry out research.
Beginning of psychology? - Answers - Wilhelm Wundt-Germany
Beginning Measuring processes of psychology - Answers - psychological processes
through introspection-effortable reflection on the sensations, feelings, images-
responding to stimulus-followed by objective reports
Introspection - Answers - examination of one's own thoughts and feelings.
Parts of the brain - Answers - Cerebullum (balance and coordination), Brain Stem
(Controls body's involuntary actions: breathing, chewing, thinking), Cerebrum (Area
responsible for all voluntary actions)
Lobes - Answers - frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Frontal lobe - Answers - area of the cortex-organizes information among other lobes-
responsible for higer learning
Parietal lobes - Answers - area of cortex-receives and process sensory information,
touch/pressure/temp./spatial orientation
Occipital lobes - Answers - area of cortex-in back of head-processes visual info.
Temporal lobes - Answers - area of cortex-processes auditory stimuli and language
Humanistic Psychology - Answers - Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow-maintain optimistic
focus on human behavior; believe each person is the master of their own fate, human
direction is towards human growth.
Psychanalytic Psychology - Answers - Sigmund Freud-Interested in abnormal
functioning and unconscious thought; personality is shaped by unconscious conflict
,Behavioral Psychology - Answers - B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson-study of
observable behavior.
Functionalism Psychology - Answers - Mary Whiton Calkins, William James-interested
in how the mind functions to help us adapt and survive.
Structuralism Psychology - Answers - Edward Titchener, Wilhelm Wundt-used reports of
subjective experience (introspection) to describe the structure of the mind.
Cognitive Psychology - Answers - George Miller-renewed focus on mental processes,
including physiological explanations.
Sociocultural Psychology - Answers - Mamie Phipps Clark, Lev Vygotsky-Understand
behavior by examining influences of other people and the larger culture.
Evoluntionary Psychology - Answers - Charles Darwin-Use knowledge about
evolutionary forces to understand behavior.
Biopsychosocial perspective - Answers - explains behavior through the interaction of
biological, psychological, and social factors.
Pseudopsychology - Answers - an approach to explaining and predicting behavior and
events that appears to be psychology, but has no empirical or objective evidence to
support it.
Critical thinking - Answers - weighing various pieces of evidence, synthesizing them,
evaluating, and determining the contributions of each.
Scientific method - Answers - scientists conduct research, which includes a continuing
cycle of exploration, critical thinking, and systematic observation.
Experiment - Answers - A controlled procedure that involves careful examination
through the use of scientific observation and or manipulation and/or manipulation of
variables. (Measurable characteristics)
Hypothesis - Answers - A statement that can be used to test a prediction.
Theory - Answers - Synthesizes observations in order to explain phenomena and guide
predictions to be tested through research.
Operational definition - Answers - The precise manner in which a variable of interest is
defined and measured.
Replicate - Answers - Repeat an experiment generally with a new sample and/or other
changes to the procedures, the goal which is to provide further support for the findings
of the first study.
, Types of research methods - Answers - Variables, population and sample, informed
consent, debriefing.
Variables - Answers - Measurable characteristics that can vary over time or across
people.
Population - Answers - All members of an identified group about which a researcher is
interested.
Sample - Answers - A subset of the population chosen for inclusion in an experiment.
Random sample - Answers - A subset of the population chosen through procedure that
ensures all members of the population have an equally likely chance of being selected
to participate in the study.
Representative sample - Answers - A subgroup of the population selected so that its
members have characteristics that closely reflect those of the population of interest.
Informed consent - Answers - Acknowledgment of study participants that they
understand what their participation will entail.
Debriefing - Answers - Sharing information with participants after their involvement in
the study has ended, including the purpose of the study and deception used in it.
Institutional review board - Answers - The committee that reviews research proposals to
protect the rights and welfare of all participants.
Descriptive research - Answers - describe and explore behaviors, although the findings
cannot definitively state cause and affect relationships
Naturalistic observation - Answers - studies participants in their natural environment
through systematic observation
Observer bias - Answers - errors introduced in the recording of observation due to the
researchers value system, expectations, or attitudes.
Case study - Answers - research that closely examine one individual or small group
Survey method - Answers - uses questionnaires or interviews together data
Correlational method - Answers - examines the relationships among variables.
Correlation - Answers - An association or relationship between two or more variables.
