NSG midterms.pdf 2026
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
1830s-1840s. T hi s i s women started to dabbl e i n contracepti ves, del ayi ng sex
When di d the women's heal th movement begi n?
and tryi ng other ways to keep heal thy rather than rel yi ng onl y on doctors.
Nursi ng school s f i rs topened up because women duri ng hte Ci vi l war woul d
di sgui se themsel ves as men i n order to treat those who had been wounded. Af ter
When di d nursi ng school s f i rst open and why the war school s opened up to encourage f ormal i zed l earni ng i n medi ci ne f or
women.as more women attended school thi s f urther encouraged the medi cal
movement f or women.
What made the Progressi ve era so di f f erent f rom the previ ous women's heal th T hi s ti me there was a genui ne f ocus on bi rth control , the f i rst bc cl i ni c opened up,
movements? the 19th amendment passed and the the equal ri ghts amendment was proposed.
Post WWI I women were empowered by the f act that many of them had worked
duri ng what ti me di d new empl oyment and sexual perspecti ves regardi ng women duri ng the war. E ven tho many returned to the home af ter WWI I i t was sti l l an
occur? enl i ghteni ng experi ence. T he Ki nsey report showed that sex wasn't j ust f or poppi ng
out ki ds si nce marri age wasn't necessary f or sex.
T hi s ti me women real l y took the upper-hand by accusi ng the medi cal comm of
What made the 1960s di f f erent f rom previ ous women's heal th movements? bei ng mal e-ori ented. T he F D A approved bi rth control f or the f i rst ti me, the ci vi l
ri ghts act was passed and T i tl e VI I passed
1990:f i ghts to i ncl ude women i n studi es and encourage women to study/have
What i s the Of f i ce of Research on Women’s H eal th (ORWH )
careers i n sci .
I t al l owed women to get pap smears and mammography screeni ngs thru medi care.
What i s T he Women’s H eal th E qui ty Act and what di d i t do f or research f undi ng Research encouraged women's heal th Money f or heal th research: contracepti on,
i nf erti l i ty, breast and ovari an cancer
T he govt. sai d mi nori ti es and women had to be i ncl uded as test subj ects. I n the
1990s, government, heal th-care i nsti tuti ons, academi a, and advocacy
organi zati ons worked together to anal yze and promote women’s heal th and wel l -
What was a recent change i n the 90s regardi ng research that you thi nk woul d've
bei ng. F or the f i rst ti me, Congress requi red that women and mi nori ti es be
been done a l ong ti me ago?
i ncl uded as subj ects i n al l human research studi es f unded by the NI H . T hi s bol d
step al l owed research to provi de a new understandi ng of gender di f f erences and
how di sease, medi ci ne, and other areas of study af f ect women.
Page 1
,NSG midterms.pdf 2026
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
, the i dea that women shoul d have the same pol i ti cal , economi c, and soci al ri ghts
f emi ni sm
and opportuni ti es as men, i s an i mportant part of women’s heal th
19th-earl y 20th c.: a f ocus on basi c ri ghts such as the ri ght ot vote, own property,
get an educati on 50-60s:women f ought agai nst spef i ci i nj usti ces such as the l ack
of reproducti ve f reedom, sex, wages, equal access to edu and j obs.
What are the three waves of f emi ni sm and how di d i t evol ve over ti me? T oday:domesti c vi ol ence, access to saf e and l egal aborti ons, and sexual
harassment, as wel l as ensuri ng equal status of women i n educati onal , work,
athl eti c, and soci al envi ronments. T he thi rd f emi ni st wave al so l ooked at al l
aspects of soci ety, art, and sci ence through a f emi ni st l ens.
D H H S-OWH i s a coordi nati ng agency f or what orgs D epartment of H eal th and Nati onal I nsti tutes of H eal th (NI H ) F ood and D rug Admi ni strati on (F D A) Centers
H uman Servi ces’ Of f i ce on Women’s H eal th (D H H S-OWH f or D i sease Control and Preventi on (CD C)
f or women’s bi omedi cal research. ORWH makes sure that women's heal th i s a
centerpt i n NI H and other sci agenci es.D evel opi ng opportuni ti es f or and
T he Of f i ce of Research on Women’s H eal th (ORWH ) wi thi n NI H
supporti ng recrui tment, retenti on, reentry, and advancement of women i n bi omedi cal
careers
i ncrease l i f e span, better heal th throughout l i f e, decreased heal th costs but i nf o
What are the benef i ts i n i nvesti ng i n bi omedi cal research f or women
on women's heal th i n other area s i s l acki ng
D escri pti ve studi es Popul ati on or correl ati onal studi es I ndi vi dual studi es
types of research studi es Anal yti c studi es Observati onal studi es Retrospecti ve Prospecti ve I nterventi on
studi es Cl i ni cal tri al s
1) test meds on heal thy vol unteers to check si de ef f ects 2) do the same wi th a
Phases of a Cl i ni cal T ri al l arger group of ppl 3) l arger groups i n hospi tal s/cl i ni cs-check ef f ecti veness, si de
ef f ects and compari sons 4)study af ter drug i s marketed
Aborti on restri cti ons i n f orei gn countri es. F orei gn f ami l y pl anni ng agenci es may not
recei ve U.S. assi stance i f they provi de certai n servi ces rel ated to aborti on
“Mexi co Ci ty Pol i cy,” or “Gl obal Gag Rul e
F undi ng restri cti ons may l ead to i ncrease i n Unpl anned pregnanci es Aborti ons
Maternal and i nf ant deaths T ransmi ssi on of H I V
Page 2
, NSG midterms.pdf 2026
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
ori g ppl api d f or heal th costs out of pocket. I t wasn't unti l the Great D epressi on
that heal th i nsurance became a thi rd-party system as i ncreasi ng concerns f or l arge
What i s the hi story behi nd heal th care? out pocket expenses. Ppl woul d pay i nsurers and i nsurers woul d pay hospi tal s
today i t has matured agai n resul ti ng i n payments di rectl y to physi ci ans or other
cl i ni cs
l i mi ted choi ces i n provi der, hi gh cop-payments, shorter vi si ts, decreased acess to
Managed care model
care
PPO-Pref erred Provi der Orgs POS-poi nt of servi ce H MO-H eal th mai ntenance org
What ar ethe f our mai n di f f ki nds of managed care?
H D H P-heal th deducti bl e heal th pl an
1. co-payments 2. Are needed servi ces of f ered? 3.preexi sti ng med condi ti ons
T hi ngs to keep i n mi nd when choosi g a heal th care pl an
4.prescri pti ons 5. i s ur provi der i n the network?
1. pri vate hel ath i nsurance 2. publ i c heal th i nsurance-bureau of i ndi an af f ai rs,
T ypes of H eal th I nsurance
medi care,medi cai d, veterans and dept o f def ense
Wi th prescri pti on drugs, many payers have i ntroduced a ti ered co-pay system, i n
whi ch di f f erent l evel s of payment are requi red f or di f f erent types of medi cati ons.
Most ti ered co-pays try to reward pati ents f or purchasi ng l ower-cost generi c drugs,
prescri pti ons as opposed to more expensi ve brand-name drugs. Generi c drugs are the chemi cal
equi val ents of brand-name drugs, but are f ar l ess expensi ve. Wi thi n a ti ered co-
pay system, f or exampl e, a pati ent may pay $5 f or a generi c anti bi oti c, $15 f or a
pref erred brand-name drug, and $25 f or the premi um-cost brand-name drug. Women
of ten are f orced to expend si gni f i cant co-pays f or bi rth control pi l l s, wi th many
prescri pti ons f al l i ng i nto the hi ghest co-pay ti er.
i nsures 40mi l l ppl and a. cover al l s i npati ent care b. opti onal and covers al l
Medi care-f ed control outpai tent care c. opti onal and covers part of drug costs an i ncreasi ng maj ori ty of
Medi care benef i ci ari es are women
covers 40m l ow-i ncome ppl .Run at teh state l vl al tho admi nsi tered by the f ed and
Medi cai d-state control
state.
Page 3
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
1830s-1840s. T hi s i s women started to dabbl e i n contracepti ves, del ayi ng sex
When di d the women's heal th movement begi n?
and tryi ng other ways to keep heal thy rather than rel yi ng onl y on doctors.
Nursi ng school s f i rs topened up because women duri ng hte Ci vi l war woul d
di sgui se themsel ves as men i n order to treat those who had been wounded. Af ter
When di d nursi ng school s f i rst open and why the war school s opened up to encourage f ormal i zed l earni ng i n medi ci ne f or
women.as more women attended school thi s f urther encouraged the medi cal
movement f or women.
What made the Progressi ve era so di f f erent f rom the previ ous women's heal th T hi s ti me there was a genui ne f ocus on bi rth control , the f i rst bc cl i ni c opened up,
movements? the 19th amendment passed and the the equal ri ghts amendment was proposed.
Post WWI I women were empowered by the f act that many of them had worked
duri ng what ti me di d new empl oyment and sexual perspecti ves regardi ng women duri ng the war. E ven tho many returned to the home af ter WWI I i t was sti l l an
occur? enl i ghteni ng experi ence. T he Ki nsey report showed that sex wasn't j ust f or poppi ng
out ki ds si nce marri age wasn't necessary f or sex.
T hi s ti me women real l y took the upper-hand by accusi ng the medi cal comm of
What made the 1960s di f f erent f rom previ ous women's heal th movements? bei ng mal e-ori ented. T he F D A approved bi rth control f or the f i rst ti me, the ci vi l
ri ghts act was passed and T i tl e VI I passed
1990:f i ghts to i ncl ude women i n studi es and encourage women to study/have
What i s the Of f i ce of Research on Women’s H eal th (ORWH )
careers i n sci .
I t al l owed women to get pap smears and mammography screeni ngs thru medi care.
What i s T he Women’s H eal th E qui ty Act and what di d i t do f or research f undi ng Research encouraged women's heal th Money f or heal th research: contracepti on,
i nf erti l i ty, breast and ovari an cancer
T he govt. sai d mi nori ti es and women had to be i ncl uded as test subj ects. I n the
1990s, government, heal th-care i nsti tuti ons, academi a, and advocacy
organi zati ons worked together to anal yze and promote women’s heal th and wel l -
What was a recent change i n the 90s regardi ng research that you thi nk woul d've
bei ng. F or the f i rst ti me, Congress requi red that women and mi nori ti es be
been done a l ong ti me ago?
i ncl uded as subj ects i n al l human research studi es f unded by the NI H . T hi s bol d
step al l owed research to provi de a new understandi ng of gender di f f erences and
how di sease, medi ci ne, and other areas of study af f ect women.
Page 1
,NSG midterms.pdf 2026
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
, the i dea that women shoul d have the same pol i ti cal , economi c, and soci al ri ghts
f emi ni sm
and opportuni ti es as men, i s an i mportant part of women’s heal th
19th-earl y 20th c.: a f ocus on basi c ri ghts such as the ri ght ot vote, own property,
get an educati on 50-60s:women f ought agai nst spef i ci i nj usti ces such as the l ack
of reproducti ve f reedom, sex, wages, equal access to edu and j obs.
What are the three waves of f emi ni sm and how di d i t evol ve over ti me? T oday:domesti c vi ol ence, access to saf e and l egal aborti ons, and sexual
harassment, as wel l as ensuri ng equal status of women i n educati onal , work,
athl eti c, and soci al envi ronments. T he thi rd f emi ni st wave al so l ooked at al l
aspects of soci ety, art, and sci ence through a f emi ni st l ens.
D H H S-OWH i s a coordi nati ng agency f or what orgs D epartment of H eal th and Nati onal I nsti tutes of H eal th (NI H ) F ood and D rug Admi ni strati on (F D A) Centers
H uman Servi ces’ Of f i ce on Women’s H eal th (D H H S-OWH f or D i sease Control and Preventi on (CD C)
f or women’s bi omedi cal research. ORWH makes sure that women's heal th i s a
centerpt i n NI H and other sci agenci es.D evel opi ng opportuni ti es f or and
T he Of f i ce of Research on Women’s H eal th (ORWH ) wi thi n NI H
supporti ng recrui tment, retenti on, reentry, and advancement of women i n bi omedi cal
careers
i ncrease l i f e span, better heal th throughout l i f e, decreased heal th costs but i nf o
What are the benef i ts i n i nvesti ng i n bi omedi cal research f or women
on women's heal th i n other area s i s l acki ng
D escri pti ve studi es Popul ati on or correl ati onal studi es I ndi vi dual studi es
types of research studi es Anal yti c studi es Observati onal studi es Retrospecti ve Prospecti ve I nterventi on
studi es Cl i ni cal tri al s
1) test meds on heal thy vol unteers to check si de ef f ects 2) do the same wi th a
Phases of a Cl i ni cal T ri al l arger group of ppl 3) l arger groups i n hospi tal s/cl i ni cs-check ef f ecti veness, si de
ef f ects and compari sons 4)study af ter drug i s marketed
Aborti on restri cti ons i n f orei gn countri es. F orei gn f ami l y pl anni ng agenci es may not
recei ve U.S. assi stance i f they provi de certai n servi ces rel ated to aborti on
“Mexi co Ci ty Pol i cy,” or “Gl obal Gag Rul e
F undi ng restri cti ons may l ead to i ncrease i n Unpl anned pregnanci es Aborti ons
Maternal and i nf ant deaths T ransmi ssi on of H I V
Page 2
, NSG midterms.pdf 2026
NSG midterms
Study this set o nline at: https://www.cram.co m/flashcards/nsg-midterms-1489860
ori g ppl api d f or heal th costs out of pocket. I t wasn't unti l the Great D epressi on
that heal th i nsurance became a thi rd-party system as i ncreasi ng concerns f or l arge
What i s the hi story behi nd heal th care? out pocket expenses. Ppl woul d pay i nsurers and i nsurers woul d pay hospi tal s
today i t has matured agai n resul ti ng i n payments di rectl y to physi ci ans or other
cl i ni cs
l i mi ted choi ces i n provi der, hi gh cop-payments, shorter vi si ts, decreased acess to
Managed care model
care
PPO-Pref erred Provi der Orgs POS-poi nt of servi ce H MO-H eal th mai ntenance org
What ar ethe f our mai n di f f ki nds of managed care?
H D H P-heal th deducti bl e heal th pl an
1. co-payments 2. Are needed servi ces of f ered? 3.preexi sti ng med condi ti ons
T hi ngs to keep i n mi nd when choosi g a heal th care pl an
4.prescri pti ons 5. i s ur provi der i n the network?
1. pri vate hel ath i nsurance 2. publ i c heal th i nsurance-bureau of i ndi an af f ai rs,
T ypes of H eal th I nsurance
medi care,medi cai d, veterans and dept o f def ense
Wi th prescri pti on drugs, many payers have i ntroduced a ti ered co-pay system, i n
whi ch di f f erent l evel s of payment are requi red f or di f f erent types of medi cati ons.
Most ti ered co-pays try to reward pati ents f or purchasi ng l ower-cost generi c drugs,
prescri pti ons as opposed to more expensi ve brand-name drugs. Generi c drugs are the chemi cal
equi val ents of brand-name drugs, but are f ar l ess expensi ve. Wi thi n a ti ered co-
pay system, f or exampl e, a pati ent may pay $5 f or a generi c anti bi oti c, $15 f or a
pref erred brand-name drug, and $25 f or the premi um-cost brand-name drug. Women
of ten are f orced to expend si gni f i cant co-pays f or bi rth control pi l l s, wi th many
prescri pti ons f al l i ng i nto the hi ghest co-pay ti er.
i nsures 40mi l l ppl and a. cover al l s i npati ent care b. opti onal and covers al l
Medi care-f ed control outpai tent care c. opti onal and covers part of drug costs an i ncreasi ng maj ori ty of
Medi care benef i ci ari es are women
covers 40m l ow-i ncome ppl .Run at teh state l vl al tho admi nsi tered by the f ed and
Medi cai d-state control
state.
Page 3
