Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Concept Maps, Textbook & Class Activities (Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) Nursing Exam Revision Guide 2026

Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities) Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 {100%Success}
Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities)
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1. Normal Cells grow, divide, die




2. atrophy the wasting away of a body organ
or tissue



3. 5 types of atrophy with examples (D, D, D, D, I) 1. Disuse - cast
2. Denervation - Spinal cord in-
jury
3. Decreased ACTH - atrophy of
adrenal glands due to decreased
endocrine function
4. Decreased nutrition - starva-
tion
5. Ischemia - cerebral atrophy
due to atherosclerosis

4. hypertrophy increase in cell size that can be
pathologic (due to disease) or
physiologic (exercise)




5. adaptive hypertrophy entire organ/tissue enlarges to
ensure continued function




, Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities) Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 {100%Success}
Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a65ftr

6. compensatory hypertrophy enlargement of an organ sec-
ondary to an increased workload

7. Hyperplasia increase in the number of the
cells in a tissue or organ

Ex: breasts during pregnancy




8. Metaplasia an abnormal change in the na-
ture of a tissue that is reversible;
identified as "benign precancer-
ous"




9. Dysplasia abnormal development or
growth of cells, tissues, or or-
gans; identified as "malignant
precancerous"






, Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities) Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 {100%Success}
Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities)
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10. 3 types of cell injury reversible, apoptosis, necrosis

11. Explain reversible cell injury cells are injured, go through cell
recovery and return to normal
function

12. Explain apoptosis cell suicide; injured cells are re-
moved without causing damage
to surrounding tissue

13. Explain necrosis death of a group of cells that
causes inflammation and dam-
age to surrounding tissue

14. what is the term for extensive necrosis? gangrene

15. Explain 3 types of gangrene 1. Dry - no arterial blood supply
2. Wet - no arterial blood supply
& impaired venous drainage
3. Gas - clostridium bacteria
builds up in bubbles

16. Liquification cells digested by enzymes and
tissue liquifies (CNS injury)

17. Coagulation tissue becomes firm gray mass
due to blood clotting



, Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities) Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 {100%Success}
Pathophysiology Exam #1 (Concept Maps, Textbook, Class Activities)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_a65ftr

18. Caseous cheese-like dead cells of granu-
loma

19. examples of injurious agents -physical: trauma, heat and cold,
electricity
-radiation: ionizing, UV, non-ion-
izing
-chemical: pollutants, CO, drugs,
lead, mercury
-biological: bacteria,viruses, par-
asites
-nutritional imbalances: fats,
minerals, vitamins, etc.

20. reperfusion injury injury that results from the
restoration of oxygen following
hypoxic event due to oxidative
stress which causes further cell
membrane damage/necrosis

21. free radicals naturally occurring, highly reac-
tive chemicals that form in the
presence of oxygen

22. free radical injury damage to cells and DNA result-
ing from reactive oxygen species

23. How does the Na/K ATPase pump work? Pump moves sodium ions out of
cell, decreases
amount of potassium cells enter-
ing cell.
Creates chemical gradient that