CHT 4: How Do Police (2025) – Lecture Notes and Exam Revision
Material
Policing the Social - ANS ✔✔the role police play in developing and sustaining social norms and
standards of behavior that underpin the ordinary social interaction of everyday activity
Police Discretion - ANS ✔✔an officer's judgment when deciding in which situations to intervene
and which to ignore
Thin Blue Line - ANS ✔✔the position of law enforcement in society as the barricade between
law and order and lawlessness and disorder
Police Strength - ANS ✔✔a statistical measure calculating the number of police officers per
100,000 people
McDonald Commission - ANS ✔✔the Royal Commission of inquiry into Certain Activities of the
RCMP, called by the federal government after allegations that the RCMP was blamed for failing
to intercede and prevent the FLQ crisis due to illegal activities of RCMP security service officers
Contract Policing - ANS ✔✔a negotiated police service agreement between the federal
government and provinces, territories, and/or municipalities to provide policing service
Regional Policing - ANS ✔✔a amalgamation of several independent police departments in
different municipalities into one single force
Para-Military - ANS ✔✔an organizational structure that mirrors the function, training, and
culture of the professional military but are not the professional military
, Task Environment - ANS ✔✔condition existing external to a police department that determines
which task the organization will undertake and how it will achieve its goals and mandate
Representative Recruitment - ANS ✔✔an approach directed at recruiting more visible
minorities, including women and Indigenous people, so as to better the population that is being
policed
Para-Police - ANS ✔✔law enforcement agents that exist as secondary or subordinate to regular
police forces
Systemic Discrimination - ANS ✔✔structural or organization patterns and behaviours that create
and perpetuate disadvantage against minorities
Individual Discrimination - ANS ✔✔actions that an individual differently and unequally because
of their race/ethnicity/gender
Basic Qualifications - ANS ✔✔minimal qualifications such as age, fitness, and education that are
needed in order to apply to policing
Preferred Characteristics - ANS ✔✔characteristics such as speaking a second language or having
post-secondary education that increase the competitiveness of applicants applying for policing
Experienced Officers - ANS ✔✔officers who have training and experience but are currently
working for a different police force or have left policing for various reasons
In-Service Training - ANS ✔✔training undertaken while officers are already employed
Officer Retention - ANS ✔✔the ability of police services to keep employees from leaving service
Material
Policing the Social - ANS ✔✔the role police play in developing and sustaining social norms and
standards of behavior that underpin the ordinary social interaction of everyday activity
Police Discretion - ANS ✔✔an officer's judgment when deciding in which situations to intervene
and which to ignore
Thin Blue Line - ANS ✔✔the position of law enforcement in society as the barricade between
law and order and lawlessness and disorder
Police Strength - ANS ✔✔a statistical measure calculating the number of police officers per
100,000 people
McDonald Commission - ANS ✔✔the Royal Commission of inquiry into Certain Activities of the
RCMP, called by the federal government after allegations that the RCMP was blamed for failing
to intercede and prevent the FLQ crisis due to illegal activities of RCMP security service officers
Contract Policing - ANS ✔✔a negotiated police service agreement between the federal
government and provinces, territories, and/or municipalities to provide policing service
Regional Policing - ANS ✔✔a amalgamation of several independent police departments in
different municipalities into one single force
Para-Military - ANS ✔✔an organizational structure that mirrors the function, training, and
culture of the professional military but are not the professional military
, Task Environment - ANS ✔✔condition existing external to a police department that determines
which task the organization will undertake and how it will achieve its goals and mandate
Representative Recruitment - ANS ✔✔an approach directed at recruiting more visible
minorities, including women and Indigenous people, so as to better the population that is being
policed
Para-Police - ANS ✔✔law enforcement agents that exist as secondary or subordinate to regular
police forces
Systemic Discrimination - ANS ✔✔structural or organization patterns and behaviours that create
and perpetuate disadvantage against minorities
Individual Discrimination - ANS ✔✔actions that an individual differently and unequally because
of their race/ethnicity/gender
Basic Qualifications - ANS ✔✔minimal qualifications such as age, fitness, and education that are
needed in order to apply to policing
Preferred Characteristics - ANS ✔✔characteristics such as speaking a second language or having
post-secondary education that increase the competitiveness of applicants applying for policing
Experienced Officers - ANS ✔✔officers who have training and experience but are currently
working for a different police force or have left policing for various reasons
In-Service Training - ANS ✔✔training undertaken while officers are already employed
Officer Retention - ANS ✔✔the ability of police services to keep employees from leaving service
