STUVIA 2024/2025
Basic Concepts for Critical Thinking
Basic Concepts for Critical Thinking
A set of claims, one of which (the conclusion), is supported by the rest, the premises.
-One tries to prove that something is so.
-Premises are offered in support of a conclusion.
-Must have at least 2 stated claims. - ✔✔Argument
An attempt to tell why something is so. - ✔✔Explanation
because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing
to, this can be seen from, we know this by - ✔✔Premise Indicators
Can be found by going to the conclusion of the argument and placing the word "whether" in front of it.
- ✔✔How to Find the Issue
Generally...
-If it does not conflict with what one observes.
%
-If it does not conflict with one's background info.
-If it does not conflict with other credible claims.
-If it is from a credible source. - ✔✔When is it reasonable to accept an unsupported claim?
Seek to show that if the premises are true then the conclusion is more or less likely.
-Judged as being strong or weak; cogent or uncogent (strength, and validity of the premises) -
✔✔Inductive Argument
Seek to show that if the premises are true, the conclusion must follow from those premises.
-Judged as being valid or invalid; sound or unsound. - ✔✔Deductive Argument
The careful and deliberate determination of whether one should accept, reject, or suspend judgement
about a claim.
A claim is either true or false. - ✔✔Critical Thinking
The question that the argument tries to settle. - ✔✔The Issue
therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer, accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that,
for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result. - ✔✔Conclusion
Indicators
stuvia
Basic Concepts for Critical Thinking
Basic Concepts for Critical Thinking
A set of claims, one of which (the conclusion), is supported by the rest, the premises.
-One tries to prove that something is so.
-Premises are offered in support of a conclusion.
-Must have at least 2 stated claims. - ✔✔Argument
An attempt to tell why something is so. - ✔✔Explanation
because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in that, given that, as indicated by, due to, owing
to, this can be seen from, we know this by - ✔✔Premise Indicators
Can be found by going to the conclusion of the argument and placing the word "whether" in front of it.
- ✔✔How to Find the Issue
Generally...
-If it does not conflict with what one observes.
%
-If it does not conflict with one's background info.
-If it does not conflict with other credible claims.
-If it is from a credible source. - ✔✔When is it reasonable to accept an unsupported claim?
Seek to show that if the premises are true then the conclusion is more or less likely.
-Judged as being strong or weak; cogent or uncogent (strength, and validity of the premises) -
✔✔Inductive Argument
Seek to show that if the premises are true, the conclusion must follow from those premises.
-Judged as being valid or invalid; sound or unsound. - ✔✔Deductive Argument
The careful and deliberate determination of whether one should accept, reject, or suspend judgement
about a claim.
A claim is either true or false. - ✔✔Critical Thinking
The question that the argument tries to settle. - ✔✔The Issue
therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer, accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that,
for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it follows that, implies that, as a result. - ✔✔Conclusion
Indicators
stuvia
