NUR 521Module 2 Exam Study Guide. University of Alabama
Questions and Answers
1. Describe the signs and symptoms of a drug induced allergic
reaction.
a. Red man syndrome – allergic reaction from the rapid
infusion of vanc
• Pruritic erythematous rash to the face, neck, and upper
torso
b. Stevens-Johnson syndrome – allergic reaction from Sulfa
• Fever, body aches, red rash, cough, blisters and
sores on skin and mucous membranes and
genitals, peeling skin, drooling because of painful
mouth, eyes sealed shut due to blisters and
swelling, painful urination
c. Others.
2. List categories of antibiotics that most commonly cause allergic
reactions.
3. When empirically selecting an antibiotic, list the cardinal
points for treatment.
a. Drug selection based on – clinical evaluation,
knowledge of microbes most likely to have caused
infection
b. Identify the organism > match the drug with the bug
• Gram-stained preparation
• determining drug susceptibility
c. host factors – host defenses, site of infection, previous
allergic reactions, genetic factors
4. List medications known to treat MRSA infections –
vancomycin and daptomycin
a. Linezolid and tedizolid
5. Describe how to avoid common interactions with long-‐term
treatment of dyslipidemia and short-term antibiotics.
6. Enumerate black box warnings for major categories of antibiotics.
7. Define the terms:
a. Selective toxicity – toxic to microbes but harmless to host
• Differences in the cellular chemistry of
mammals and microbes
• Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis and cell wall
• Inhibition o an enzyme unique to bacteria
b. Bactericidal – drugs that are directly lethal to bacteria at
clinically achievable concentrations, bacteriostatic –
NUR 521 Module 2 Study Guide
(Chapters 8, 14, 17, 18, 24, 27, 30, 32, 35, 58)
Page 1 of 7
Formulated 5-‐22-19 sja
, drugs that can slow bacterial growth but do not cuase
cell death
8. Formulate a medication treatment plan for the
patient with the following pathologies:
a. Pharyngitis – Chapter 24
• NSAIDs
• Traveler’s diarrhea - Chapter 30Giardia (bacterial
organism) related to mountainous areas,
recreational waters, Russia
• Transmitted fecal-oral route
• Usually self-limiting, non life-threatening
• High risk areas – latin America, Africa, asia, middle east
• Common pathogens – e coli, salmonella,
shigella, campylobacter
• Treated with quinolone (Nf, Cf, Of)
b. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE).
• Linezolid 400-600mg po Q12H
• Daptomycin
c. UTI - Chapter 32.
• Bactrim (Ped: 8mg/kg;d over 10 days ) 1 tab DS
Q12H for 10 days
• Trimepex: 100mg Q12H for 3 days
• Nitrofurantoin: Macrobid- 100mg Q12H for
7 days, Macrodantin- 100mg QID for 7 days
• Cipro: (uncomplicated) 500mg Q12H for 3 days; 7
days for complicated; 500mg Q12H for 10-14 days
for uncomplicated pylo
d. Pyelonephritis - Chapter 32.
• First line > oral therpay for 10-14 days of cipro,
levofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin,
sparfloxacin, TMP-SMZ, cefixime, cefpodxime,
proxetil
• Second line > oral therapy for 2-6 weeks
e. Upper respiratory infection - Chapter 18.
f. Lower respiratory - Chapter 27.
g. STIs - Chapter 35.
9. Formulate a plan to address common side effects of antibiotics:
a. Clostridium difficile – first line tx – metronidazole, second line
– vanc
• Major side effect associated c clindamycin is
diarrhea and associate c diff
b. Thrush.
c. Photosensitivity.
d. Bone marrow depression and/or aplastic anemia.
NUR 521 Module 2 Study Guide
(Chapters 8, 14, 17, 18, 24, 27, 30, 32, 35, 58)
Page 2 of 7
Formulated 5-‐22-19 sja
Questions and Answers
1. Describe the signs and symptoms of a drug induced allergic
reaction.
a. Red man syndrome – allergic reaction from the rapid
infusion of vanc
• Pruritic erythematous rash to the face, neck, and upper
torso
b. Stevens-Johnson syndrome – allergic reaction from Sulfa
• Fever, body aches, red rash, cough, blisters and
sores on skin and mucous membranes and
genitals, peeling skin, drooling because of painful
mouth, eyes sealed shut due to blisters and
swelling, painful urination
c. Others.
2. List categories of antibiotics that most commonly cause allergic
reactions.
3. When empirically selecting an antibiotic, list the cardinal
points for treatment.
a. Drug selection based on – clinical evaluation,
knowledge of microbes most likely to have caused
infection
b. Identify the organism > match the drug with the bug
• Gram-stained preparation
• determining drug susceptibility
c. host factors – host defenses, site of infection, previous
allergic reactions, genetic factors
4. List medications known to treat MRSA infections –
vancomycin and daptomycin
a. Linezolid and tedizolid
5. Describe how to avoid common interactions with long-‐term
treatment of dyslipidemia and short-term antibiotics.
6. Enumerate black box warnings for major categories of antibiotics.
7. Define the terms:
a. Selective toxicity – toxic to microbes but harmless to host
• Differences in the cellular chemistry of
mammals and microbes
• Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis and cell wall
• Inhibition o an enzyme unique to bacteria
b. Bactericidal – drugs that are directly lethal to bacteria at
clinically achievable concentrations, bacteriostatic –
NUR 521 Module 2 Study Guide
(Chapters 8, 14, 17, 18, 24, 27, 30, 32, 35, 58)
Page 1 of 7
Formulated 5-‐22-19 sja
, drugs that can slow bacterial growth but do not cuase
cell death
8. Formulate a medication treatment plan for the
patient with the following pathologies:
a. Pharyngitis – Chapter 24
• NSAIDs
• Traveler’s diarrhea - Chapter 30Giardia (bacterial
organism) related to mountainous areas,
recreational waters, Russia
• Transmitted fecal-oral route
• Usually self-limiting, non life-threatening
• High risk areas – latin America, Africa, asia, middle east
• Common pathogens – e coli, salmonella,
shigella, campylobacter
• Treated with quinolone (Nf, Cf, Of)
b. Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE).
• Linezolid 400-600mg po Q12H
• Daptomycin
c. UTI - Chapter 32.
• Bactrim (Ped: 8mg/kg;d over 10 days ) 1 tab DS
Q12H for 10 days
• Trimepex: 100mg Q12H for 3 days
• Nitrofurantoin: Macrobid- 100mg Q12H for
7 days, Macrodantin- 100mg QID for 7 days
• Cipro: (uncomplicated) 500mg Q12H for 3 days; 7
days for complicated; 500mg Q12H for 10-14 days
for uncomplicated pylo
d. Pyelonephritis - Chapter 32.
• First line > oral therpay for 10-14 days of cipro,
levofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin,
sparfloxacin, TMP-SMZ, cefixime, cefpodxime,
proxetil
• Second line > oral therapy for 2-6 weeks
e. Upper respiratory infection - Chapter 18.
f. Lower respiratory - Chapter 27.
g. STIs - Chapter 35.
9. Formulate a plan to address common side effects of antibiotics:
a. Clostridium difficile – first line tx – metronidazole, second line
– vanc
• Major side effect associated c clindamycin is
diarrhea and associate c diff
b. Thrush.
c. Photosensitivity.
d. Bone marrow depression and/or aplastic anemia.
NUR 521 Module 2 Study Guide
(Chapters 8, 14, 17, 18, 24, 27, 30, 32, 35, 58)
Page 2 of 7
Formulated 5-‐22-19 sja
