NUR 631 Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology
Midterm and Final Exam Prep Test Bank 1 with 350
Exam Questions and Correct Answers/ GCU NUR 631
Latest Exam Prep Test Bank 2026-2027 (New!)
1. Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include?
A. Increased skin turgor
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Decreased urine output
D. Increased blood pressure
• ANSWER - C. Decreased urine output
2. Failure of normal partitioning between the foregut and midgut can lead to a
congenital condition known as?
A. Intestinal atresia
B. Tracheoesophageal fistula
C. Esophageal atresia
D. Anal agenesis
• ANSWER - A. Intestinal atresia
3. Acute pain at McBurney's point is indicative of?
A. Appendicitis
B. Peritonitis
C. Cholecystitis
D. Gastritis
• ANSWER - A. Appendicitis
4. The propulsive movement of the GI tract is called?
A. Peristalsis
B. Contraction
C. Transmission
D. Constriction
• ANSWER - A. Peristalsis
,5. What information is true about acute pancreatitis?
A. Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells
B. It is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate
C. Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
D. Oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition
• ANSWER - C. Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and
tissues
6. Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?
A. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein
producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat
ducts, and vas deferens
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive production of thin, watery mucus
D. Deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin
• ANSWER - A. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of
a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas,
sweat ducts, and vas deferens
7. A patient's echocardiogram shows moderate aortic stenosis. The stenotic
valve creates increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts.
The cellular adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
• ANSWER - B. Hypertrophy
8. A patient has a long history of mitral stenosis. As the years go by, the left
atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve,
begins to fail and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left
ventricle were to undergo an adaptation, what would it most likely be?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
• ANSWER - A. Atrophy
,9. A patient is brought to the emergency department with a gunshot wound to
the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a
pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on
inspiration but preventing its escape by closing on expiration. What action
by the healthcare professional is the priority?
A. Draw arterial blood gases
B. Assist with chest tube insertion
C. Give the patient low flow oxygen
D. Assess for clubbing of fingernails
• ANSWER - B. Assist with chest tube insertion
10.Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia
chromosome?
A. ALL
B. AML
C. CML
D. CLL
• ANSWER - C. CML
11.Which electrolyte imbalance may lead to a clotting disorder?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
• ANSWER - B. Hypokalemia
12.Cancer grading is based on?
A. Local invasion
B. Cell differentiation
C. Tumor size
D. Metastasis
• ANSWER - B. Cell differentiation
13.The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio)
measure the integrity of?
A. Fibrinolysis
B. Platelet function
, C. Intrinsic pathway
D. Extrinsic pathway
• ANSWER - D. Extrinsic pathway
14.A patient with chronic heart failure develops shortness of breath when lying
flat. This symptom is known as?
A. Dyspnea on exertion
B. Orthopnea
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Platypnea
• ANSWER - B. Orthopnea
15.Which of the following is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?
A. Adrenal adenoma
B. Pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
C. Ectopic ACTH production
D. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
• ANSWER - D. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
16.A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, deep rapid breathing, and a fruity odor on the breath. The
most likely diagnosis is?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
D. Lactic acidosis
• ANSWER - B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
17.In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin is designated as?
A. HbA
B. HbA2
C. HbS
D. HbF
• ANSWER - C. HbS
18.The most common type of anemia worldwide is?
A. Pernicious anemia
Midterm and Final Exam Prep Test Bank 1 with 350
Exam Questions and Correct Answers/ GCU NUR 631
Latest Exam Prep Test Bank 2026-2027 (New!)
1. Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include?
A. Increased skin turgor
B. Decreased heart rate
C. Decreased urine output
D. Increased blood pressure
• ANSWER - C. Decreased urine output
2. Failure of normal partitioning between the foregut and midgut can lead to a
congenital condition known as?
A. Intestinal atresia
B. Tracheoesophageal fistula
C. Esophageal atresia
D. Anal agenesis
• ANSWER - A. Intestinal atresia
3. Acute pain at McBurney's point is indicative of?
A. Appendicitis
B. Peritonitis
C. Cholecystitis
D. Gastritis
• ANSWER - A. Appendicitis
4. The propulsive movement of the GI tract is called?
A. Peristalsis
B. Contraction
C. Transmission
D. Constriction
• ANSWER - A. Peristalsis
,5. What information is true about acute pancreatitis?
A. Autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells
B. It is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate
C. Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
D. Oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition
• ANSWER - C. Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and
tissues
6. Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?
A. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein
producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat
ducts, and vas deferens
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive production of thin, watery mucus
D. Deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin
• ANSWER - A. Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of
a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas,
sweat ducts, and vas deferens
7. A patient's echocardiogram shows moderate aortic stenosis. The stenotic
valve creates increased resistance against which the left ventricle contracts.
The cellular adaptation most likely to occur in the left ventricle is?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
• ANSWER - B. Hypertrophy
8. A patient has a long history of mitral stenosis. As the years go by, the left
atrium, which contracts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve,
begins to fail and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left
ventricle were to undergo an adaptation, what would it most likely be?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
• ANSWER - A. Atrophy
,9. A patient is brought to the emergency department with a gunshot wound to
the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a
pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on
inspiration but preventing its escape by closing on expiration. What action
by the healthcare professional is the priority?
A. Draw arterial blood gases
B. Assist with chest tube insertion
C. Give the patient low flow oxygen
D. Assess for clubbing of fingernails
• ANSWER - B. Assist with chest tube insertion
10.Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia
chromosome?
A. ALL
B. AML
C. CML
D. CLL
• ANSWER - C. CML
11.Which electrolyte imbalance may lead to a clotting disorder?
A. Hypermagnesemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
• ANSWER - B. Hypokalemia
12.Cancer grading is based on?
A. Local invasion
B. Cell differentiation
C. Tumor size
D. Metastasis
• ANSWER - B. Cell differentiation
13.The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio)
measure the integrity of?
A. Fibrinolysis
B. Platelet function
, C. Intrinsic pathway
D. Extrinsic pathway
• ANSWER - D. Extrinsic pathway
14.A patient with chronic heart failure develops shortness of breath when lying
flat. This symptom is known as?
A. Dyspnea on exertion
B. Orthopnea
C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D. Platypnea
• ANSWER - B. Orthopnea
15.Which of the following is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?
A. Adrenal adenoma
B. Pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
C. Ectopic ACTH production
D. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
• ANSWER - D. Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
16.A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, deep rapid breathing, and a fruity odor on the breath. The
most likely diagnosis is?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
D. Lactic acidosis
• ANSWER - B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
17.In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin is designated as?
A. HbA
B. HbA2
C. HbS
D. HbF
• ANSWER - C. HbS
18.The most common type of anemia worldwide is?
A. Pernicious anemia
