1. How did the report of quality measures to CMS begin?
Answer: Hospitals could voluntarily report quality measures starting in 2001, adapting to the
current state from there.
2. What is HCAHPS?
Answer: Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems.
3. What are some metrics for outcome of care?
Answer: Mortality, readmission rates, complications, hospital-associated infections.
4. Describe "Pay for Performance."
Answer: It provides financial incentives to hospitals, physicians, and other providers to carry out
improvement and achieve optimal outcomes for patients.
5. What are some reasons patients may not voice their complaints?
Answer: They don't know where to complain, afraid of retribution, or think it's not worth the
trouble.
6. What are the IOM six aims for quality established in 2001?
Answer: Safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable, and patient-centered (STEEEP).
7. What is the IHI Triple Aim?
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Answer: To improve patient experience, improve the health of populations, and reduce per capita
healthcare costs.
8. Describe health literacy.
Answer: The capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to
make appropriate health decisions.
9. What percentage of adults are estimated to have proficient health literacy?
Answer: 12%.
10. Which year was the American Society for Hospital Risk Management formed?
Answer: 1980.
11. What was the original name for the CMS?
Answer: Health Care Financing Administration.
12. What is the definition of Culture according to Irwin Press?
Answer: Culture exists when its members share values and behaviors that they take for granted.
13. What is empathy?
Answer: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
14. What percentage of CMS reimbursement is dependent on patient satisfaction scores?
Answer: 1%.
15. What are the four basic needs that should be met to create an ideal patient experience?
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Answer: Confidence, integrity, pride, and passion.
16. In which year did hospitals establish patient advocates and representatives?
Answer: 1965.
17. In which year did the American Hospital Association develop the Patients’ Bill of Rights?
Answer: 1973.
18. What is the RATER scale, and when was it developed?
Answer: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, Responsiveness; developed in the early
1980s.
19. What are some of the key concepts of the Planetree model?
Answer: The importance of social support, patient/resident education, and creating a healing
environment (design — like the "iron curtain").
20. In which year were Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) introduced?
Answer: 1983.
21. What is EMTALA, and when was it established?
Answer: The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act requires hospitals to stabilize any
patient who shows up in the ER regardless of their ability to pay; established in 1986.
22. When was the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) created?
Answer: 1996.