AACN AGACNP REVIEW TEST 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Addison's disease. Answer: Primary
Caused by damage to the adrenal cortex (autoimmune, TB, metastatic
disease, deposition diseases, and drug induced) leading to a decrease in
cortisol production.
Secondary
Caused by pituitary failure to release ACTH (in any hypopituitary
disorder) causing a decrease in cortisol production.
Sudden withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids leading to a decrease in
cortisol production from induced corticosteroid suppression.
◉ diabetes insipidus (DI). Answer: Insufficient ADH or decreased
sensitivity to ADH
Nephron cannot conserve water.
Commonly caused by damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
(surgery, tumor, meningitis, head injury).
Can be nephrogenic where the kidney in unable to respond to ADH.
, Serum: Hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Urine: Hyponatremia and hypoosmolality.
Replaced ADH and supportive fluid replacement.
◉ Syndrome of Inapropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Answer:
Excess ADH production.
Nephron conserves excess water.
Caused by head injury and lung cancers.
Serum: Hyponatremia and hypoosmolality.
Urine: Hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Fluid overload.
Treat with:
Free water restriction
Loop diuretic and NS
IN extremes 3% saline
◉ Transudate pleural effusion. Answer: CHF
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Addison's disease. Answer: Primary
Caused by damage to the adrenal cortex (autoimmune, TB, metastatic
disease, deposition diseases, and drug induced) leading to a decrease in
cortisol production.
Secondary
Caused by pituitary failure to release ACTH (in any hypopituitary
disorder) causing a decrease in cortisol production.
Sudden withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids leading to a decrease in
cortisol production from induced corticosteroid suppression.
◉ diabetes insipidus (DI). Answer: Insufficient ADH or decreased
sensitivity to ADH
Nephron cannot conserve water.
Commonly caused by damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
(surgery, tumor, meningitis, head injury).
Can be nephrogenic where the kidney in unable to respond to ADH.
, Serum: Hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Urine: Hyponatremia and hypoosmolality.
Replaced ADH and supportive fluid replacement.
◉ Syndrome of Inapropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Answer:
Excess ADH production.
Nephron conserves excess water.
Caused by head injury and lung cancers.
Serum: Hyponatremia and hypoosmolality.
Urine: Hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity.
Fluid overload.
Treat with:
Free water restriction
Loop diuretic and NS
IN extremes 3% saline
◉ Transudate pleural effusion. Answer: CHF
