AACN AGACNP REVIEW TEST BANK
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Breakthrough cancer pain management. Answer: fentanyl
◉ Metastatic bone pain management. Answer: bisphosphonates
◉ Tension headache symptoms & management. Answer: symptoms -
tight, back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
◉ Migraine headache types and treatments. Answer: classic - WITH
aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
◉ Cluster headache symptoms and management. Answer: symptoms -
occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
◉ Albumin levels <3.5. Answer: protein malnutrition
,◉ Albumin <2.7. Answer: Edema
◉ Complications of enteral nutrition. Answer: aspiration, refeeding,
dehydration
◉ Complications of parenteral nutrition. Answer: pneumothorax,
hemothorax
◉ Urine sodium >20. Answer: renal salt wasting (kidney is the problem)
◉ Urine sodium <10. Answer: kidney isn't the problem
◉ isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes. Answer: serum
osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
◉ hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types. Answer: serum
osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
◉ hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes. Answer: dehydration,
diuresis, vomiting
,◉ hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20. Answer: diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
◉ hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. Answer: edema, CHF, liver
disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
◉ hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes. Answer:
serum osmolality >290
causes - HHS
◉ hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
◉ hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension,
diarrhea, peaked T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
◉ hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
, symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT,
Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral
supplements if chronic
◉ hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics,
dialysis if severe
◉ respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer:
causes - hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
◉ respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer:
causes - hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
◉ metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment. Answer: types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA
recovery
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Breakthrough cancer pain management. Answer: fentanyl
◉ Metastatic bone pain management. Answer: bisphosphonates
◉ Tension headache symptoms & management. Answer: symptoms -
tight, back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
◉ Migraine headache types and treatments. Answer: classic - WITH
aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
◉ Cluster headache symptoms and management. Answer: symptoms -
occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
◉ Albumin levels <3.5. Answer: protein malnutrition
,◉ Albumin <2.7. Answer: Edema
◉ Complications of enteral nutrition. Answer: aspiration, refeeding,
dehydration
◉ Complications of parenteral nutrition. Answer: pneumothorax,
hemothorax
◉ Urine sodium >20. Answer: renal salt wasting (kidney is the problem)
◉ Urine sodium <10. Answer: kidney isn't the problem
◉ isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes. Answer: serum
osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
◉ hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types. Answer: serum
osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
◉ hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes. Answer: dehydration,
diuresis, vomiting
,◉ hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20. Answer: diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
◉ hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. Answer: edema, CHF, liver
disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
◉ hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes. Answer:
serum osmolality >290
causes - HHS
◉ hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
◉ hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension,
diarrhea, peaked T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
◉ hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
, symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT,
Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral
supplements if chronic
◉ hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer: causes -
vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics,
dialysis if severe
◉ respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer:
causes - hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
◉ respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment. Answer:
causes - hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
◉ metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment. Answer: types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA
recovery
