GCU PHI-103 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
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Terms in this set (31)
What is Euthyphro's dilemma? Is a thing good simply because God says it, or does God say something is good
because of some standard or property independent of God?
What is the first horn? Actions are bad or good because God wills it to be so; morality is arbitrary;
denies existence of independent moral standard; we obey it out of self-interest
What is the second horn? God's command aligns with a standard for right/wrong that is independent of
God; there is some moral realm outside of God, uncaused by him
What is Euthyphro's dilemma an objection to? Plato's dialogue:
- Socrates: "What is piety [i.e., goodness or holiness]?
- Euthyphro: "[Goodness] is that which is loved by the gods
- Socrates: "Is [goodness good] because it is loved by the gods, or do the gods
love it because it is [good]?"
How can one respond to Euthyphro's dilemma? That is, Splitting the horns of the dilemma:
how can one split the horns of the dilemma? - Adequate theology understands God as having a nature that is metaphysically
necessary
- God is essentially omnibenevolent, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, worthy
of worship, etc.
What's divine command theory and how does it account The claim that morality is ultimately based on the commands or character of God,
for moral obligation and duty? and that the morally right action is the one that God commands or requires
What is moral objectivism? Moral truths exist independently of opinion; mind independent; morality is real
What is moral subjectivism? Moral truths exist at the individual level; morality exists in one's mind
According to deontological ethics, what is the motive Good motive is one that's motivated out of duty to respect a moral law
that should motivate one's will? - You do A because it's the right thing to do—that is, you're motivated to A
because you respect the moral law that's informing your action
Where does utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue Virtue ethics can be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral
ethics, and divine command theory locate goodness? character. Suppose it is obvious that someone in need should be helped
A utilitarian will point to the fact that the consequences of doing so will maximize
well-being
Divine command theories of ethics ground the rightness or wrongness of action in
God's directive
What is utilitarianism? The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority
What is virtue ethics? Looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather
than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions
C
Terms in this set (31)
What is Euthyphro's dilemma? Is a thing good simply because God says it, or does God say something is good
because of some standard or property independent of God?
What is the first horn? Actions are bad or good because God wills it to be so; morality is arbitrary;
denies existence of independent moral standard; we obey it out of self-interest
What is the second horn? God's command aligns with a standard for right/wrong that is independent of
God; there is some moral realm outside of God, uncaused by him
What is Euthyphro's dilemma an objection to? Plato's dialogue:
- Socrates: "What is piety [i.e., goodness or holiness]?
- Euthyphro: "[Goodness] is that which is loved by the gods
- Socrates: "Is [goodness good] because it is loved by the gods, or do the gods
love it because it is [good]?"
How can one respond to Euthyphro's dilemma? That is, Splitting the horns of the dilemma:
how can one split the horns of the dilemma? - Adequate theology understands God as having a nature that is metaphysically
necessary
- God is essentially omnibenevolent, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, worthy
of worship, etc.
What's divine command theory and how does it account The claim that morality is ultimately based on the commands or character of God,
for moral obligation and duty? and that the morally right action is the one that God commands or requires
What is moral objectivism? Moral truths exist independently of opinion; mind independent; morality is real
What is moral subjectivism? Moral truths exist at the individual level; morality exists in one's mind
According to deontological ethics, what is the motive Good motive is one that's motivated out of duty to respect a moral law
that should motivate one's will? - You do A because it's the right thing to do—that is, you're motivated to A
because you respect the moral law that's informing your action
Where does utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue Virtue ethics can be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral
ethics, and divine command theory locate goodness? character. Suppose it is obvious that someone in need should be helped
A utilitarian will point to the fact that the consequences of doing so will maximize
well-being
Divine command theories of ethics ground the rightness or wrongness of action in
God's directive
What is utilitarianism? The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority
What is virtue ethics? Looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather
than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions
