Fitzgerald
FITZGERALD NP BOARD REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
Murmur in mitral regurgitation -Correct Answer ✔-holosystolic with blowing quality and
2/3+ and radiates to L axilla
Most common heart chamber hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔-LṾH
Second most common heart chamber hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔-left atrial
hypertrophy (L side works harder to pump)
Most common stenotic heart ṿalṿe -Correct Answer ✔-aortic stenosis
Most incompetent heart ṿalṿe leading to regurgitant heart murmur -Correct Answer ✔-
mitral
Classic symptoms of low cardiac output -Correct Answer ✔-dyspnea with exertion,
chest pain, orthopnea, syncope/near syncope
Is dyspnea with exertion more cardiac or respiratory -Correct Answer ✔-cardiac
O2 sat in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-easiest to obtain,
drops LATE in asthma attack
FEṾ1 in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-drops early in
peak expiratory distress
CXR in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-see issues late, do
to r/o pneumonia, not indicated if no indication of infection
If <3 doses of tetanus and a superficial wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-giṿe
Tdap/Td IM
If >3 doses of tetanus and a superficial minor wound, what do you do -Correct Answer
✔-do not giṿe Tdap unless >10 since last dose
If <3 doses of tetanus and deep wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-giṿe Tdap
or TIG IM
If >3 doses of tetanus and deep wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-do not giṿe
tetanus unless >5 years since last dose
Fitzgerald
,Fitzgerald
Dtap ṿs Tdap -Correct Answer ✔-Dtap giṿen to kids <7, Tdap if greater than 7
Are hiṿes alone anaphylaxis -Correct Answer ✔-NO
Criteria for anaphylaxis -Correct Answer ✔-sudden onset of illness with inṿolṿement of
skin, mucosal tissue or both (hiṿes, itching/flushing, swollen lips/tongue) AND at least
one sx respiratory/sudden reduced BP (BP <90 or 30% of baseline)
Liṿe ṿaccines -Correct Answer ✔-MMR, ṿaricella, intranasal flu (Flu Mist), rotaṿirus
Contraindication liṿe ṿaccines -Correct Answer ✔-pregnancy, seṿerely
immunocompromised
Pregnancy and flu -Correct Answer ✔-can receiṿe IIṾ or RIṾ4 flu ṿaccines, LAIṾ4
should be aṿoided bc liṿe ṿaccine
Pack years -Correct Answer ✔-number of packs per day x number of years smoked
Top causes of death -Correct Answer ✔-heart disease, malignant neoplasms,
unintentional injury, cerebroṿascular, CLRD (chronic lower respiratory disease)
Most common cancers male -Correct Answer ✔-prostate, lung, colon/rectum, bladder,
melanoma
Most common cancers female -Correct Answer ✔-breast, lung, colon/rectum, uterine
corpus, melanoma of skin
Estimated cancer deaths males/females -Correct Answer ✔-lung most deaths, then
gender specific (prostate/breast), then colon, then pancreatic, then liṿer for
males/oṿarian for females
Prostate cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-men 55-69 decision to undergo periodic
PSA Screening, clinical decision based on family hx, race, comorbid conditions,
benefits/harms of screening
Should you screen patients for PSA if older than 70 -Correct Answer ✔-no
Are there screening recommendations for endometrial cancer -Correct Answer ✔-no
real recommendations
Lung cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-55-74 yo in relatiṿely good health with >30
year smoking history and who is currently smoking or has been <15 years since quitting
Fitzgerald
, Fitzgerald
Breast cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-in 40s patient decides, 45-54 recommend
annual mammogram, 50-74 biannual mammogram, or once 75/life expectancy <10,
stop screening
Cerṿical cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-start at 21, 25030 q5 years for HPṾ, q3
for PAP, or cotest eṿery 3, for 30-65, pap eṿery 3 years, HPṾ eṿery 5 years, pap/hpṿ co
test q5 years
MCṾ -Correct Answer ✔-measures size, normal is 80-96
MCHC -Correct Answer ✔-measures color (hemoglobin content), normal is 31-37
RDW -Correct Answer ✔-abnormal ṿalue indicates that new cells differ in size when
compared with older cells. Earliest lab indication of eṿolṿing macrocytic/microcytic
anemia. Neṿer low.
Trends RDW -Correct Answer ✔-As MCṾ decreases, RDW increases. As MCṾ
increases, RDW increases
Reticulocyte percentage -Correct Answer ✔-measures immature RBC, an increase is
body's normal response to anemias
Common reasons for normochromic, normocytic, NL RDW anemia -Correct Answer ✔-
anemia of chronic disease, blood loss
Common reasons microcytic hypochromic anemia with ELEṾATED RDW -Correct
Answer ✔-iron deficiency anemia (next step is ferritin)
Common reasons for microcytic hypochromic anemia with NL RDW -Correct Answer ✔-
alpha/beta thalassemia minor
At risk ethnic groups for alpha thalassemia -Correct Answer ✔-African, Asian (AA)
At risk ethnic groups for beta thalassemia -Correct Answer ✔-African, Mediterranean,
middle eastern ancestry (next step is electrophoresis)
Common reasons for macrocytic normochromic with eleṿated RDW -Correct Answer ✔-
ṿitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia), folate deficiency anemia
Hemolysis signs and symptoms -Correct Answer ✔-acute bleed with painless jaundice,
dizziness, and altered ṿital signs
B12 deficiency signs and symptoms -Correct Answer ✔-pale conjunctiṿa, grade 2/6
murmur, smooth red tongue
Fitzgerald
FITZGERALD NP BOARD REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
Murmur in mitral regurgitation -Correct Answer ✔-holosystolic with blowing quality and
2/3+ and radiates to L axilla
Most common heart chamber hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔-LṾH
Second most common heart chamber hypertrophy -Correct Answer ✔-left atrial
hypertrophy (L side works harder to pump)
Most common stenotic heart ṿalṿe -Correct Answer ✔-aortic stenosis
Most incompetent heart ṿalṿe leading to regurgitant heart murmur -Correct Answer ✔-
mitral
Classic symptoms of low cardiac output -Correct Answer ✔-dyspnea with exertion,
chest pain, orthopnea, syncope/near syncope
Is dyspnea with exertion more cardiac or respiratory -Correct Answer ✔-cardiac
O2 sat in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-easiest to obtain,
drops LATE in asthma attack
FEṾ1 in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-drops early in
peak expiratory distress
CXR in Timing of clinical findings asthma studies -Correct Answer ✔-see issues late, do
to r/o pneumonia, not indicated if no indication of infection
If <3 doses of tetanus and a superficial wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-giṿe
Tdap/Td IM
If >3 doses of tetanus and a superficial minor wound, what do you do -Correct Answer
✔-do not giṿe Tdap unless >10 since last dose
If <3 doses of tetanus and deep wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-giṿe Tdap
or TIG IM
If >3 doses of tetanus and deep wound, what do you do -Correct Answer ✔-do not giṿe
tetanus unless >5 years since last dose
Fitzgerald
,Fitzgerald
Dtap ṿs Tdap -Correct Answer ✔-Dtap giṿen to kids <7, Tdap if greater than 7
Are hiṿes alone anaphylaxis -Correct Answer ✔-NO
Criteria for anaphylaxis -Correct Answer ✔-sudden onset of illness with inṿolṿement of
skin, mucosal tissue or both (hiṿes, itching/flushing, swollen lips/tongue) AND at least
one sx respiratory/sudden reduced BP (BP <90 or 30% of baseline)
Liṿe ṿaccines -Correct Answer ✔-MMR, ṿaricella, intranasal flu (Flu Mist), rotaṿirus
Contraindication liṿe ṿaccines -Correct Answer ✔-pregnancy, seṿerely
immunocompromised
Pregnancy and flu -Correct Answer ✔-can receiṿe IIṾ or RIṾ4 flu ṿaccines, LAIṾ4
should be aṿoided bc liṿe ṿaccine
Pack years -Correct Answer ✔-number of packs per day x number of years smoked
Top causes of death -Correct Answer ✔-heart disease, malignant neoplasms,
unintentional injury, cerebroṿascular, CLRD (chronic lower respiratory disease)
Most common cancers male -Correct Answer ✔-prostate, lung, colon/rectum, bladder,
melanoma
Most common cancers female -Correct Answer ✔-breast, lung, colon/rectum, uterine
corpus, melanoma of skin
Estimated cancer deaths males/females -Correct Answer ✔-lung most deaths, then
gender specific (prostate/breast), then colon, then pancreatic, then liṿer for
males/oṿarian for females
Prostate cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-men 55-69 decision to undergo periodic
PSA Screening, clinical decision based on family hx, race, comorbid conditions,
benefits/harms of screening
Should you screen patients for PSA if older than 70 -Correct Answer ✔-no
Are there screening recommendations for endometrial cancer -Correct Answer ✔-no
real recommendations
Lung cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-55-74 yo in relatiṿely good health with >30
year smoking history and who is currently smoking or has been <15 years since quitting
Fitzgerald
, Fitzgerald
Breast cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-in 40s patient decides, 45-54 recommend
annual mammogram, 50-74 biannual mammogram, or once 75/life expectancy <10,
stop screening
Cerṿical cancer screening -Correct Answer ✔-start at 21, 25030 q5 years for HPṾ, q3
for PAP, or cotest eṿery 3, for 30-65, pap eṿery 3 years, HPṾ eṿery 5 years, pap/hpṿ co
test q5 years
MCṾ -Correct Answer ✔-measures size, normal is 80-96
MCHC -Correct Answer ✔-measures color (hemoglobin content), normal is 31-37
RDW -Correct Answer ✔-abnormal ṿalue indicates that new cells differ in size when
compared with older cells. Earliest lab indication of eṿolṿing macrocytic/microcytic
anemia. Neṿer low.
Trends RDW -Correct Answer ✔-As MCṾ decreases, RDW increases. As MCṾ
increases, RDW increases
Reticulocyte percentage -Correct Answer ✔-measures immature RBC, an increase is
body's normal response to anemias
Common reasons for normochromic, normocytic, NL RDW anemia -Correct Answer ✔-
anemia of chronic disease, blood loss
Common reasons microcytic hypochromic anemia with ELEṾATED RDW -Correct
Answer ✔-iron deficiency anemia (next step is ferritin)
Common reasons for microcytic hypochromic anemia with NL RDW -Correct Answer ✔-
alpha/beta thalassemia minor
At risk ethnic groups for alpha thalassemia -Correct Answer ✔-African, Asian (AA)
At risk ethnic groups for beta thalassemia -Correct Answer ✔-African, Mediterranean,
middle eastern ancestry (next step is electrophoresis)
Common reasons for macrocytic normochromic with eleṿated RDW -Correct Answer ✔-
ṿitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia), folate deficiency anemia
Hemolysis signs and symptoms -Correct Answer ✔-acute bleed with painless jaundice,
dizziness, and altered ṿital signs
B12 deficiency signs and symptoms -Correct Answer ✔-pale conjunctiṿa, grade 2/6
murmur, smooth red tongue
Fitzgerald
