Nur 208 || Accurately Packed With Questions
& 100%Verified Answers |Graded A+|Latest
Update 2026/2027
Caring <correct answers>sharing deep and genuine concern about the welfare of another person.
Caring practice <correct answers>mutual recognition, connection, involvement between nurse
andclient
Examples of Caring <correct answers>• A client experiencing postoperative pain is givenmedication
to control her symptoms, and then the nurse talks quietly and holds her hand for a fewminutes as the
pain resolves. The nurse's presence, in itself, provides comfort for the client.
• After the student nurse washes the hair of an older woman who is immobilized and applies
hermakeup, she helps the woman into a wheelchair to greet her daughter and grandchildren.
Thewoman is extremely grateful and her sense of dignity is enhanced by this personal care.
Nursing <correct answers>nurturance or care
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Leininger) <correct answers> emphasizes care as
"distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus of nursing"
- Her theory of culture care diversity and universality is based on the assumption that nurses
mustunderstand different cultures in order to function effectively.
- When nursing care fails to be reasonably congruent with the client's beliefs, lifeways, and
values,signs of conflict, noncompliance, and stress may arise.
- Culturally congruent care involves three action decision care approaches:
(1) preservation of the client's familiar lifeways
(2) accommodations that help clients adapt to or negotiate for satisfying care
,(3) repatterning nursing care to help the client move toward wellness
- further defines caring as "assistive, supportive, and enabling experiences or ideas
towardsothers with evident or anticipated needs, to ameliorate or improve a human condition or
lifeway"
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray) <correct answers> The theory suggests that caring in nursingis
contextual and is influenced by the organizational structure and the role and position a personheld.
- the meaning of caring varied: an intensive care unit had a dominant value of
technologiccaring (i.e., monitors, ventilators, treatments, and pharmacotherapeutics), and an
oncology unit hada value of a more intimate, spiritual caring (i.e., family focused, comforting,
compassionate)
- Staff nurses valued caring in terms of its relatedness to clients, whereas
administratorsvalued caring as more system related, such as safeguarding the economic well being
of the hospital
- spiritual ethical caring influences each aspect of the bureaucratic system
(technologic,physical, legal, political, economic, social cultural, and educational). Each of these
aspects isdifferent, but they make up a whole bureaucratic system (e.g., a hospital).
- Nurses make these choices with the interest of the client at heart and use ethical principlesas
the foundation for the basis of professional decision making.
- "Spiritual ethical caring for nursing does not question whether or not to care in
complexsystems, but intimates how sincere deliberations and ultimately the facilitation of choices
for thegood of others can or should be accomplished"
Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach) <correct answers> All individuals are caring,
anddevelop their caring abilities by being true to self, being real, and being who they truly are.
Thus,caring is not unique to nursing.
- visualizes caring to be unique in nursing however, because caring is the center of
allattributes she uses to describe nursing.
- Roach defines these attributes as the six C's of caring: compassion, competence,confidence,
conscience, commitment, and comportment.
Compassion <correct answers>Awareness of one's relationship to others, sharing their joys,sorrows,
pain, and accomplishments. Participation in the experience of another.
,Competence <correct answers>Having the "knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience
andmotivation required to respond adequately to the demands of one's professional
responsibilities"Confidence <correct answers>Comfort with self, client, and others that allows one
to build trustingrelationships.
Conscience <correct answers>Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong.
Awarenessof personal responsibility.
Commitment <correct answers>The deliberate choice to act in accordance with one's desires as
wellas obligations, resulting in investment of self in a task or cause.
Comportment <correct answers>Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress, and language that are
inharmony with a caring presence. Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and
demandsrespect.
Nursing as Caring (Boykin and Schoenhofer) <correct answers> purpose of the discipline
andprofession of nursing is to know people and nurture them as individuals living and growing
incaring
- Respect for people as caring individuals and respect for what matters to them are
assumptionsunderlying the theory of nursing as caring.
Theory of Human Care (Watson) <correct answers> Assumptions of Watson's theory and
nursinginterventions related to human care, or her carative factors
- Watson emphasizes nursing's commitment to care of the whole person as well as a concern for
thehealth of individuals and groups
- The nurse and client are coparticipants in the client's movement toward health and wholeness.
- This human connection is labeled transpersonal human caring, through which the nurse entersinto
the experience of the client, and the client can enter into the nurse's experience.
Watson emphasizes that the practice of nursing is both transpersonal and metaphysical. While
thenurse maintains professional objectivity as a scientist, scholar, clinician, and moral agent, the
nurseis also subjectively engaged in the interpersonal relationship with the client.
, - Within the actual caring situation, each person (nurse and client) seeks a sense of harmony
withinthe mind, body, and soul, thereby actualizing the real self.
Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses in Relation to Caring <correct answers>• The
nursemust care for the self in order to care for others.
• Nurses must remain committed to human care ideals.
• Cultivation of a higher/deeper self and a higher consciousness leads to caring.
• Human care can only be demonstrated through interpersonal relationships.
• Honoring the connectedness of all (unitary consciousness) leads to transpersonal caringhealing.
• Education and practice systems must be based on human values and concern for the welfare
ofothers.
Theory of Caring (Swanson) <correct answers> defines caring as "a nurturing way of relating to
avalued 'other,' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility"
- An assumption of her theory is that a client's well being should be enhanced through the caring ofa
nurse who understands the common human responses to a specific health problem.
The theory focuses on caring processes as nursing interventions. Swanson's theory was
developedthrough interactions with parents at the time of pregnancy, miscarriage, and birth.
Caring Processes from Swanson's Theory of Caring
provide guidance to nurses who work with pregnant and postpartum clients.
<correctanswers>KNOWING
- Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
Avoiding assumptions
Centering on the one cared for
Assessing thoroughly
Seeing cues
Engaging the self of both
BEING WITH
& 100%Verified Answers |Graded A+|Latest
Update 2026/2027
Caring <correct answers>sharing deep and genuine concern about the welfare of another person.
Caring practice <correct answers>mutual recognition, connection, involvement between nurse
andclient
Examples of Caring <correct answers>• A client experiencing postoperative pain is givenmedication
to control her symptoms, and then the nurse talks quietly and holds her hand for a fewminutes as the
pain resolves. The nurse's presence, in itself, provides comfort for the client.
• After the student nurse washes the hair of an older woman who is immobilized and applies
hermakeup, she helps the woman into a wheelchair to greet her daughter and grandchildren.
Thewoman is extremely grateful and her sense of dignity is enhanced by this personal care.
Nursing <correct answers>nurturance or care
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Leininger) <correct answers> emphasizes care as
"distinct, dominant, unifying, and central focus of nursing"
- Her theory of culture care diversity and universality is based on the assumption that nurses
mustunderstand different cultures in order to function effectively.
- When nursing care fails to be reasonably congruent with the client's beliefs, lifeways, and
values,signs of conflict, noncompliance, and stress may arise.
- Culturally congruent care involves three action decision care approaches:
(1) preservation of the client's familiar lifeways
(2) accommodations that help clients adapt to or negotiate for satisfying care
,(3) repatterning nursing care to help the client move toward wellness
- further defines caring as "assistive, supportive, and enabling experiences or ideas
towardsothers with evident or anticipated needs, to ameliorate or improve a human condition or
lifeway"
Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (Ray) <correct answers> The theory suggests that caring in nursingis
contextual and is influenced by the organizational structure and the role and position a personheld.
- the meaning of caring varied: an intensive care unit had a dominant value of
technologiccaring (i.e., monitors, ventilators, treatments, and pharmacotherapeutics), and an
oncology unit hada value of a more intimate, spiritual caring (i.e., family focused, comforting,
compassionate)
- Staff nurses valued caring in terms of its relatedness to clients, whereas
administratorsvalued caring as more system related, such as safeguarding the economic well being
of the hospital
- spiritual ethical caring influences each aspect of the bureaucratic system
(technologic,physical, legal, political, economic, social cultural, and educational). Each of these
aspects isdifferent, but they make up a whole bureaucratic system (e.g., a hospital).
- Nurses make these choices with the interest of the client at heart and use ethical principlesas
the foundation for the basis of professional decision making.
- "Spiritual ethical caring for nursing does not question whether or not to care in
complexsystems, but intimates how sincere deliberations and ultimately the facilitation of choices
for thegood of others can or should be accomplished"
Caring, the Human Mode of Being (Roach) <correct answers> All individuals are caring,
anddevelop their caring abilities by being true to self, being real, and being who they truly are.
Thus,caring is not unique to nursing.
- visualizes caring to be unique in nursing however, because caring is the center of
allattributes she uses to describe nursing.
- Roach defines these attributes as the six C's of caring: compassion, competence,confidence,
conscience, commitment, and comportment.
Compassion <correct answers>Awareness of one's relationship to others, sharing their joys,sorrows,
pain, and accomplishments. Participation in the experience of another.
,Competence <correct answers>Having the "knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience
andmotivation required to respond adequately to the demands of one's professional
responsibilities"Confidence <correct answers>Comfort with self, client, and others that allows one
to build trustingrelationships.
Conscience <correct answers>Morals, ethics, and an informed sense of right and wrong.
Awarenessof personal responsibility.
Commitment <correct answers>The deliberate choice to act in accordance with one's desires as
wellas obligations, resulting in investment of self in a task or cause.
Comportment <correct answers>Appropriate bearing, demeanor, dress, and language that are
inharmony with a caring presence. Presenting oneself as someone who respects others and
demandsrespect.
Nursing as Caring (Boykin and Schoenhofer) <correct answers> purpose of the discipline
andprofession of nursing is to know people and nurture them as individuals living and growing
incaring
- Respect for people as caring individuals and respect for what matters to them are
assumptionsunderlying the theory of nursing as caring.
Theory of Human Care (Watson) <correct answers> Assumptions of Watson's theory and
nursinginterventions related to human care, or her carative factors
- Watson emphasizes nursing's commitment to care of the whole person as well as a concern for
thehealth of individuals and groups
- The nurse and client are coparticipants in the client's movement toward health and wholeness.
- This human connection is labeled transpersonal human caring, through which the nurse entersinto
the experience of the client, and the client can enter into the nurse's experience.
Watson emphasizes that the practice of nursing is both transpersonal and metaphysical. While
thenurse maintains professional objectivity as a scientist, scholar, clinician, and moral agent, the
nurseis also subjectively engaged in the interpersonal relationship with the client.
, - Within the actual caring situation, each person (nurse and client) seeks a sense of harmony
withinthe mind, body, and soul, thereby actualizing the real self.
Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Nurses in Relation to Caring <correct answers>• The
nursemust care for the self in order to care for others.
• Nurses must remain committed to human care ideals.
• Cultivation of a higher/deeper self and a higher consciousness leads to caring.
• Human care can only be demonstrated through interpersonal relationships.
• Honoring the connectedness of all (unitary consciousness) leads to transpersonal caringhealing.
• Education and practice systems must be based on human values and concern for the welfare
ofothers.
Theory of Caring (Swanson) <correct answers> defines caring as "a nurturing way of relating to
avalued 'other,' toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility"
- An assumption of her theory is that a client's well being should be enhanced through the caring ofa
nurse who understands the common human responses to a specific health problem.
The theory focuses on caring processes as nursing interventions. Swanson's theory was
developedthrough interactions with parents at the time of pregnancy, miscarriage, and birth.
Caring Processes from Swanson's Theory of Caring
provide guidance to nurses who work with pregnant and postpartum clients.
<correctanswers>KNOWING
- Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
Avoiding assumptions
Centering on the one cared for
Assessing thoroughly
Seeing cues
Engaging the self of both
BEING WITH
