Animal Science 114 Exam 1-Fall 2019: Iowa State University; Prof. Jodi Sterle (Beef, Pigs, and Role of Animals in Human Welfare) Complete Questions With Accurate Answers Solution Guaranteed

What are the four types of beef cattle systems? - correct answers Cow-Calf, Backgrounder/Stocker, Feedlot, Seedstock A cow-calf system is production based on... - correct answers Forages The cow is used to convert low quality _______________ into high quality _______________. - correct answers Forage, Products About ____% of cow herd use bulls instead of AI. - correct answers 90 To remove cattle from the herd. - correct answers Cull What is the average beef cattle herd size? - correct answers 40 head Iowa has what percent of the world's best soil. - correct answers 25 Ruminants convert ___________________________________ into ______________________________. - correct answers Low quality forages, High quality protein What is a heifer going into the herd to reproduce called? - correct answers Replacement Heifer What is the average gestation for beef cattle? (in days) - correct answers 283 (days) What age should beef cattle be bred by? - correct answers 15 months We want cows to wean 65% of their weight, or about how many pounds? (range) - correct answers 550-650 (pounds) During which range of ages are cows most productive? - correct answers 5-8 years (old) What is cow efficiency based on? - correct answers Pounds of calf produced per cow What are the four main quality grades for young beef animals? - correct answers Prime, Choice, Select, Standard The 4 things to be maximized to maximize production are... - correct answers Nutrition, Health, Genetics, Management Which way does an animal fatten? (Front to Rear or Rear to Front) - correct answers Front to Rear For a carcass to grade, it has to be at least what grade? - correct answers Low Choice Feed is what percent of a producer's costs? - correct answers 70-75 Less than _______% of our disposable income is spent on food by consumers in the US. - correct answers 10 ______________ are typically fatter so they can reproduce and lactate. - correct answers Females _________________ adds tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. - correct answers Marbling Common name for Intramuscular Fat. - correct answers Marbling What is another name for a Stocker operation? - correct answers Backgrounding __________________________ after calves are weaned and before feedlot (both heifers and steers). - correct answers Growing phase Stocker operations have a ________________ based diet. - correct answers Roughage What three factors do you need to consider in a stocker operation? - correct answers Price, Growth Potential, Health Cattle move from stocker to _______________ for finishing. - correct answers Feedlot What does VFD stand for? - correct answers Veterinary Feed Directive Ruminents eat __________ pounds of feed per pound of gain. - correct answers 6-10 What does ADG stand for? - correct answers Average Daily Gain How many days does it take to turn fat white on a grain fed diet? - correct answers 150 (days) What is the average dressing percentage for beef cattle? - correct answers 62-65 (Carcass Weight/Live Weight)x100=??? - correct answers Dressing Percentage What factors influence value in a feedlot? - correct answers Quality, Yield, Dressing Percentage What is a common high moisture feed stuff used in feedlots and other cattle operations? - correct answers Silage Seedstock produces _____________ for commercial producers. - correct answers Genetics What is there a high investment in for seedstock operations? - correct answers Facilities and Management How old are bulls when they reach puberty? - correct answers 10 months How old are heifers when they reach puberty? - correct answers 10 months How long is the estrous cycle for beef cattle? - correct answers 21 days What is the average range of bull to cow ratio? - correct answers 1:25-1:30 How long does estrus or standing heat last in beef cattle? - correct answers 12 hours Pheromones from female picked up by vomeronasal organ in palate of male causes this response. - correct answers Flehmen Response What is another name for birthing problems? - correct answers Dystocia What part of the female reproductive tract dilates, works as a barrier, and keeps bacteria (and other bad things) out? - correct answers Cervix What is the proper way for a calf to be born? - correct answers Front legs first, chin resting on legs What is a heifer called when it's born twin to a bull? - correct answers Freemartin What breed of cattle has the highest occurrence of twinning? - correct answers Simmental What is the first milk produced by a cow after calving called? It is thick and high in antibodies. - correct answers Colostrum The first beef cattle breed to be developed in U.S. (South Texas, King Ranch) - correct answers Santa Gertrudis True or False: Global food distribution is relatively equal. - correct answers False What byproduct is the most widely available renewable product from animals? - correct answers Manure True or False: A higher percentage of U.S. households have dogs than cats. - correct answers False As underdeveloped countries increase their standard of living, meat consumption: - correct answers Increases Animal agriculture supplies about _______ of all human food energy and ______ of all human food protein worldwide. - correct answers 1/6, 1/3 A white breed with large, droopy ears, developed in Denmark, known for maternal traits. Actually has an extra vertebrae, so is long bodied. - correct answers Landrace A young female swine which has not had a litter is called a ___________. - correct answers Gilt A female swine which has had a litter is called a ___________. - correct answers Sow Red swine breed developed in the eastern U.S., droopy ears, known for growth and feed efficiency. Developed in the US. - correct answers Duroc A series of management practices aimed and controlling and preventing diseases is called _____________. - correct answers Biosecurity What country produces the most pork? - correct answers China Gestation length in pigs is: (in days) - correct answers 114 days Gestation length in pigs is: (months, weeks, days) - correct answers 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days At what approximate age are piglets weaned? (days) - correct answers 21 (days) A white breed developed in England. Erect ears, maternal. Known as "The Mother Breed". - correct answers Yorkshire Black breed developed in England with six white points. Erect ears. Noted for marbling. Popular export market. - correct answers Berkshire A management system in which the operator owns the barns, where the contracting company owns the pigs and determines the management procedures. - correct answers Contracted Finishing A castrated young male swine is called a _________. - correct answers Barrow Ownership and/or control of at least two phases of production is called ____________. - correct answers Vertical Integration At what approximate age are market hogs harvested? (months) - correct answers 6 (months) What is the main source of energy in most commercial swine diets? - correct answers Corn When are beef calves typically weaned? - correct answers 6-7 months What is the primary feedstuff for breeding cattle? - correct answers Forages What is the highest quality grade of a beef cattle carcass? - correct answers Prime How would you determine the length of your calving season? - correct answers Put bulls in with cows for a limited time What is the typical length of time cattle are fed in a feedlot? (days) - correct answers 150 (days) Feed efficiency is measured by of pounds of _________ per pounds of ___________. - correct answers feed; gain What is the primary source of fiber in a feedlot diet? - correct answers Corn silage What percentage of the pigs produced in the US are raised in Iowa? - correct answers 30 What is the national average litter size in pigs? - correct answers 10 What foreign animal disease caused a severe decrease in swine inventory in 2014? - correct answers PEDv What is the (conservative) production goal for sows? - correct answers 25 PSY