Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Name the types of bonds and describe how they are formed and
what characteristics of the atoms involved determines the type. -
correct answer ✅1. Non-polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are shared equally
- electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.4
2. Polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are unequally shared
- electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 2.0
3. Ionic bonds = include metals and non-metals
- electrons are transferred
- electronegativity difference is > 2.0
-Bonds are found between atoms
-Bond type is determined by differences in electronegativity of
atoms
Types of Intermolecular forces -
correct answer ✅1. electrostatic = between permanent, full or
partial +/- charge, includes H-bonds
a. ion-ion = between charged atom/molecules
,Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
b. dipole-dipole = between strongly electroneg., polar, covalently
bound atoms, H-bonds!!
c. ion-dipole = between a dipole molecule and full/partial charged
atom/molecule
2. dispersion forces (van der Waal) = between temporary + and -
charges, induces a temporary dipole on 1 molecule
3. Hydrophobic effects = occur between non-polar molecules,
reduces loss of H-bonds by reducing repulsion of non-polar
molecules to H2O b/c the molecules will group together
List the strength of IMF interactions/forces from strongest to
weakest: -
correct answer ✅covalent bonds > ionic interactions > H-bonds
(electrostatic; dipole-dipole) > Van der Waals (dispersion)
T/F: Atoms are bound together by bonds (covalent; polar & non-
polar, and ionic). Atoms form molecules and ions. There are ionic
and imf interactions (dispersion, electrostatic, hydrophobic
interactions) between molecules (polar and non-polar) and ions.
,Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Molecules and ions group to form cells. -
correct answer ✅True
T/F: other than water, biological macromolecules make up most of
the cell -
correct answer ✅True
what are the 4 types of macromolecules -
correct answer ✅1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. nucleic acids
4. proteins
True/False: carbs, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins all contain
polymers -
correct answer ✅True
polymers -
correct answer ✅chains of repeated smaller molecules (made up
of individual monomers)
, Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Name the polymer that is associated with each monomer:
1. monosaccharides
2. fatty acid
3. nucleotide
4. amino acid -
correct answer ✅Monomer--------------------> Polymer
1. monosaccharides -----> polysaccharide
2. fatty acid -----> lipid
3. nucleotide -----> nucleic acid
4. amino acid -----> protein
Why is there large variety in macromolecules? -
correct answer ✅There are 20 aas that can combine to make
many different types
What does it mean that monomer types are conserved? -
correct answer ✅monomers are maintained in different types of
cells (prok and euk) and (in different specialized cells)
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Name the types of bonds and describe how they are formed and
what characteristics of the atoms involved determines the type. -
correct answer ✅1. Non-polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are shared equally
- electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.4
2. Polar covalent bond = non-metals
- electrons are unequally shared
- electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 2.0
3. Ionic bonds = include metals and non-metals
- electrons are transferred
- electronegativity difference is > 2.0
-Bonds are found between atoms
-Bond type is determined by differences in electronegativity of
atoms
Types of Intermolecular forces -
correct answer ✅1. electrostatic = between permanent, full or
partial +/- charge, includes H-bonds
a. ion-ion = between charged atom/molecules
,Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
b. dipole-dipole = between strongly electroneg., polar, covalently
bound atoms, H-bonds!!
c. ion-dipole = between a dipole molecule and full/partial charged
atom/molecule
2. dispersion forces (van der Waal) = between temporary + and -
charges, induces a temporary dipole on 1 molecule
3. Hydrophobic effects = occur between non-polar molecules,
reduces loss of H-bonds by reducing repulsion of non-polar
molecules to H2O b/c the molecules will group together
List the strength of IMF interactions/forces from strongest to
weakest: -
correct answer ✅covalent bonds > ionic interactions > H-bonds
(electrostatic; dipole-dipole) > Van der Waals (dispersion)
T/F: Atoms are bound together by bonds (covalent; polar & non-
polar, and ionic). Atoms form molecules and ions. There are ionic
and imf interactions (dispersion, electrostatic, hydrophobic
interactions) between molecules (polar and non-polar) and ions.
,Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Molecules and ions group to form cells. -
correct answer ✅True
T/F: other than water, biological macromolecules make up most of
the cell -
correct answer ✅True
what are the 4 types of macromolecules -
correct answer ✅1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. nucleic acids
4. proteins
True/False: carbs, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins all contain
polymers -
correct answer ✅True
polymers -
correct answer ✅chains of repeated smaller molecules (made up
of individual monomers)
, Principles of Biochemistry: Exam 1
material Actual Questions and
Answers 2026
Name the polymer that is associated with each monomer:
1. monosaccharides
2. fatty acid
3. nucleotide
4. amino acid -
correct answer ✅Monomer--------------------> Polymer
1. monosaccharides -----> polysaccharide
2. fatty acid -----> lipid
3. nucleotide -----> nucleic acid
4. amino acid -----> protein
Why is there large variety in macromolecules? -
correct answer ✅There are 20 aas that can combine to make
many different types
What does it mean that monomer types are conserved? -
correct answer ✅monomers are maintained in different types of
cells (prok and euk) and (in different specialized cells)
