Principles of Biochemistry Exam 4
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
Replication -
correct answer ✅the duplication of DNA
transcription -
correct answer ✅process of copying a particular portion of its
DNA nucleotide sequence - a gene - into an RNA nucleotide
sequence
translation -
correct answer ✅Information in mRNA molecules is translated
during polypeptide chain synthesis
genome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of an organism's DNA and is
the same in every cell of an organism
Transcriptome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of mRNA molecules that are
produced from the genome within a cell at a particular time. varies
tremendously over time and between cells in an organism
,Principles of Biochemistry Exam 4
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
proteome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of proteins produced within a
cell and varies over time and between cells in an organism
DNA -
correct answer ✅deoxyribonucleic acid: storage of information
RNA -
correct answer ✅ribonucleic acid: transmission of information
What are the monomer units of DNA and RNA? -
correct answer ✅nucleotides
What are the three components of a nucleotide? -
correct answer ✅1) a five-carbon sugar: ribose (RNA) or
deoxyribose (DNA)
2) a weakly basic nitrogen base 3) At least one phosphate group
Nucleoside -
correct answer ✅a base covalently linked to a deoxyribose
(Base + sugar)
, Principles of Biochemistry Exam 4
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
nucleotide -
correct answer ✅a nucleoside esterified to one or more
phosphate groups (base + sugar + phosphate)
Which bases are purines? -
correct answer ✅adenine (A), guanine (G)
Which bases are pyrimidines? -
correct answer ✅cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)
What kind of bonds link nucleotides? -
correct answer ✅3'-5' Phosphodiester Linkages with the
nucleotide with a free 5′ phosphoryl group is called the 5′ end The
nucleotide with a free 3′ hydroxyl group is called the 3′ end
nucleases -
correct answer ✅are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester
bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids
DNases (DNA substrates) RNases (RNA substrates)
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
Replication -
correct answer ✅the duplication of DNA
transcription -
correct answer ✅process of copying a particular portion of its
DNA nucleotide sequence - a gene - into an RNA nucleotide
sequence
translation -
correct answer ✅Information in mRNA molecules is translated
during polypeptide chain synthesis
genome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of an organism's DNA and is
the same in every cell of an organism
Transcriptome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of mRNA molecules that are
produced from the genome within a cell at a particular time. varies
tremendously over time and between cells in an organism
,Principles of Biochemistry Exam 4
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
proteome -
correct answer ✅the complete set of proteins produced within a
cell and varies over time and between cells in an organism
DNA -
correct answer ✅deoxyribonucleic acid: storage of information
RNA -
correct answer ✅ribonucleic acid: transmission of information
What are the monomer units of DNA and RNA? -
correct answer ✅nucleotides
What are the three components of a nucleotide? -
correct answer ✅1) a five-carbon sugar: ribose (RNA) or
deoxyribose (DNA)
2) a weakly basic nitrogen base 3) At least one phosphate group
Nucleoside -
correct answer ✅a base covalently linked to a deoxyribose
(Base + sugar)
, Principles of Biochemistry Exam 4
Actual Questions and Answers 2026
nucleotide -
correct answer ✅a nucleoside esterified to one or more
phosphate groups (base + sugar + phosphate)
Which bases are purines? -
correct answer ✅adenine (A), guanine (G)
Which bases are pyrimidines? -
correct answer ✅cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)
What kind of bonds link nucleotides? -
correct answer ✅3'-5' Phosphodiester Linkages with the
nucleotide with a free 5′ phosphoryl group is called the 5′ end The
nucleotide with a free 3′ hydroxyl group is called the 3′ end
nucleases -
correct answer ✅are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester
bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids
DNases (DNA substrates) RNases (RNA substrates)
