NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Five theories of counseling -
correct answer ✅1. Psychoanalytic counseling
2. Behavioral counseling
3. Cognitive counseling
4. Humanistic counseling
5. Holistic counseling
Psychoanalytic Theory -
correct answer ✅A theory developed by Freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing
on unconscious determinants of behavior
Application of Psychoanalytic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Understanding underlying issues: Helping
students explore unconscious motivations that may affect their
behavior and academic performance.
- Developing insight: Assisting students in understanding how past
experiences influence present behavior.
- Emotional expression: Providing a safe space for students to
express and process complex emotions.
,NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Behavioral Theory -
correct answer ✅Use of reinforcement methods to change
learners' behaviors
Application of Behavioral theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Positive reinforcement: Using rewards to
reinforce desirable behaviors such as attendance, homework
completion, and participation.
- Behavior modification plans: Implementing strategies to reduce
disruptive behaviors in the classroom.
- Skills Training: Teaching social skills, study skills, and coping
mechanisms.
Cognitive Theory -
correct answer ✅A theory of human development that focuses on
changes in how people think over time. According to this theory,
our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Application of Cognitive theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Anxiety: Helping clients identify and challenge
anxious thoughts.
,NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
- Depression: Addressing negative beliefs about oneself, the world,
and the future.
- Stress Management: Developing more adaptive thinking patterns
to cope with stress.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) -
correct answer ✅A popular integrative therapy that combines
cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior
therapy (changing behavior)
Application of CBT -
correct answer ✅- Problem-solving skills: CBT helps students
develop strategies to tackle academic and personal problems.
- Stress management: Techniques like cognitive restructuring can
reduce anxiety related to exams and peer pressure.
- Behavioral interventions: Techniques like setting goals and self-
monitoring can improve study habits and classroom behavior.
Humanistic Theory -
correct answer ✅View personality with a focus on the potential for
healthy personal growth
, NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Application of Humanistic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅Person- Centered Therapy
- Empathy and unconditional positive regard: Creating a supportive
environment where students feel valued and understood.
- Self-concept: Helping students build a positive self-image, which
can enhance motivation and academic performance.
- Active listening: Encouraging students to express their feelings and
thoughts, promoting emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
Holistic Theory -
correct answer ✅All parts of the brain are involved in the
processing of thought and action
Application of Holistic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅Existential Therapy
- Meaning and purpose: Helping students explore their values,
goals, and sense of purpose.
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Five theories of counseling -
correct answer ✅1. Psychoanalytic counseling
2. Behavioral counseling
3. Cognitive counseling
4. Humanistic counseling
5. Holistic counseling
Psychoanalytic Theory -
correct answer ✅A theory developed by Freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing
on unconscious determinants of behavior
Application of Psychoanalytic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Understanding underlying issues: Helping
students explore unconscious motivations that may affect their
behavior and academic performance.
- Developing insight: Assisting students in understanding how past
experiences influence present behavior.
- Emotional expression: Providing a safe space for students to
express and process complex emotions.
,NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Behavioral Theory -
correct answer ✅Use of reinforcement methods to change
learners' behaviors
Application of Behavioral theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Positive reinforcement: Using rewards to
reinforce desirable behaviors such as attendance, homework
completion, and participation.
- Behavior modification plans: Implementing strategies to reduce
disruptive behaviors in the classroom.
- Skills Training: Teaching social skills, study skills, and coping
mechanisms.
Cognitive Theory -
correct answer ✅A theory of human development that focuses on
changes in how people think over time. According to this theory,
our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Application of Cognitive theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅- Anxiety: Helping clients identify and challenge
anxious thoughts.
,NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
- Depression: Addressing negative beliefs about oneself, the world,
and the future.
- Stress Management: Developing more adaptive thinking patterns
to cope with stress.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) -
correct answer ✅A popular integrative therapy that combines
cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior
therapy (changing behavior)
Application of CBT -
correct answer ✅- Problem-solving skills: CBT helps students
develop strategies to tackle academic and personal problems.
- Stress management: Techniques like cognitive restructuring can
reduce anxiety related to exams and peer pressure.
- Behavioral interventions: Techniques like setting goals and self-
monitoring can improve study habits and classroom behavior.
Humanistic Theory -
correct answer ✅View personality with a focus on the potential for
healthy personal growth
, NYSTCE CST School Counselor (193)
Exam Actual Questions and Answers
2026
Application of Humanistic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅Person- Centered Therapy
- Empathy and unconditional positive regard: Creating a supportive
environment where students feel valued and understood.
- Self-concept: Helping students build a positive self-image, which
can enhance motivation and academic performance.
- Active listening: Encouraging students to express their feelings and
thoughts, promoting emotional regulation and interpersonal skills.
Holistic Theory -
correct answer ✅All parts of the brain are involved in the
processing of thought and action
Application of Holistic theory in therapy -
correct answer ✅Existential Therapy
- Meaning and purpose: Helping students explore their values,
goals, and sense of purpose.
