HESI PN NUTRITION SPECIALITY EXAM
2026/2027 | Newly Released
Actual 55 questions with NGN ,Correct Answers and
Expert Explanations
Q1: The nurse is preparing a meal tray for a patient on a clear liquid diet. Which food item
should the nurse remove from the tray?
A. Orange gelatin
B. Chicken broth
C. Ice cream [CORRECT]
D. Apple juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ice cream contains milk fat and is considered a full liquid, not a clear liquid. Clear
liquids are transparent at room temperature and leave no residue in the gastrointestinal tract, such
as broth, gelatin, and clear juices.
Q2: The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about a low-sodium diet. Which food
selection by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Fresh green beans [CORRECT]
C. Deli ham sandwich
D. Potato chips
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh vegetables are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups, deli meats, and potato
chips are processed foods with very high sodium content and should be avoided.
,Q3: A patient is prescribed a full liquid diet. Which food is appropriate for this patient?
A. Hard candy
B. Strained cream soup [CORRECT]
C. Raw apple slices
D. Cooked rice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A full liquid diet includes liquids that are not clear, such as milk, ice cream, custard,
and strained cream soups. Hard candy is allowed but is a clear liquid; raw apple and cooked rice
are solid foods.
Q4: Select All That Apply: The nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching for a patient on a Consistent
Carbohydrate diet for diabetes management. Which instructions should be included? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Eat a consistent amount of carbohydrates at each meal daily. [CORRECT]
B. Skip carbohydrates at dinner to lower blood sugar.
C. Include a starch, fruit, and milk at each meal. [CORRECT]
D. Vary the carbohydrate intake based on appetite.
E. Eat meals at the same time each day. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: A, C, E
Rationale: A consistent carbohydrate diet helps regulate blood sugar by eating the same amount
of carbs at specific times every day. Skipping meals or varying intake based on appetite causes
erratic blood glucose levels.
Q5: A patient has a stage 3 pressure ulcer. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate to
promote wound healing?
A. Restrict protein to prevent kidney strain.
B. Increase protein intake (1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day). [CORRECT]
C. Limit calorie intake to prevent weight gain.
D. Eat a low-residue diet.
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and wound healing. Patients with pressure ulcers
require increased protein intake, not restriction. Low-residue diets are for reducing stool volume.
Q6: Which food is an excellent source of Vitamin C, necessary for wound healing and iron
absorption?
A. Orange juice [CORRECT]
B. Whole wheat bread
C. Cheddar cheese
D. Ground beef
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Citrus fruits like oranges are excellent sources of Vitamin C. Vitamin C promotes
collagen synthesis for wound healing and enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant
sources.
Q7: The nurse is caring for a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Which food should the nurse
encourage to enhance the absorption of iron supplements?
A. A glass of milk
B. A cup of tea
C. A slice of whole wheat toast
D. A glass of orange juice [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of iron. Milk and tea can inhibit iron
absorption. Whole wheat toast does not have the same enhancing effect as Vitamin C.
2026/2027 | Newly Released
Actual 55 questions with NGN ,Correct Answers and
Expert Explanations
Q1: The nurse is preparing a meal tray for a patient on a clear liquid diet. Which food item
should the nurse remove from the tray?
A. Orange gelatin
B. Chicken broth
C. Ice cream [CORRECT]
D. Apple juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ice cream contains milk fat and is considered a full liquid, not a clear liquid. Clear
liquids are transparent at room temperature and leave no residue in the gastrointestinal tract, such
as broth, gelatin, and clear juices.
Q2: The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about a low-sodium diet. Which food
selection by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Fresh green beans [CORRECT]
C. Deli ham sandwich
D. Potato chips
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh vegetables are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups, deli meats, and potato
chips are processed foods with very high sodium content and should be avoided.
,Q3: A patient is prescribed a full liquid diet. Which food is appropriate for this patient?
A. Hard candy
B. Strained cream soup [CORRECT]
C. Raw apple slices
D. Cooked rice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A full liquid diet includes liquids that are not clear, such as milk, ice cream, custard,
and strained cream soups. Hard candy is allowed but is a clear liquid; raw apple and cooked rice
are solid foods.
Q4: Select All That Apply: The nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching for a patient on a Consistent
Carbohydrate diet for diabetes management. Which instructions should be included? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Eat a consistent amount of carbohydrates at each meal daily. [CORRECT]
B. Skip carbohydrates at dinner to lower blood sugar.
C. Include a starch, fruit, and milk at each meal. [CORRECT]
D. Vary the carbohydrate intake based on appetite.
E. Eat meals at the same time each day. [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: A, C, E
Rationale: A consistent carbohydrate diet helps regulate blood sugar by eating the same amount
of carbs at specific times every day. Skipping meals or varying intake based on appetite causes
erratic blood glucose levels.
Q5: A patient has a stage 3 pressure ulcer. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate to
promote wound healing?
A. Restrict protein to prevent kidney strain.
B. Increase protein intake (1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day). [CORRECT]
C. Limit calorie intake to prevent weight gain.
D. Eat a low-residue diet.
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Protein is essential for tissue repair and wound healing. Patients with pressure ulcers
require increased protein intake, not restriction. Low-residue diets are for reducing stool volume.
Q6: Which food is an excellent source of Vitamin C, necessary for wound healing and iron
absorption?
A. Orange juice [CORRECT]
B. Whole wheat bread
C. Cheddar cheese
D. Ground beef
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Citrus fruits like oranges are excellent sources of Vitamin C. Vitamin C promotes
collagen synthesis for wound healing and enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant
sources.
Q7: The nurse is caring for a patient with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Which food should the nurse
encourage to enhance the absorption of iron supplements?
A. A glass of milk
B. A cup of tea
C. A slice of whole wheat toast
D. A glass of orange juice [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of iron. Milk and tea can inhibit iron
absorption. Whole wheat toast does not have the same enhancing effect as Vitamin C.
