NCM 118 Midterm Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER severe form of lung injury
a. sudden and progressive pulmonary edema
b. increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray
c. hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the amount of positive end-
expiratory pressure (PEEP), and the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure.
d. reduced lung compliance - CORRECT ANSWER What are the clinical syndrome of ARDS
"blue bloaters". - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis is also termed as
Bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER is a condition in which the bronchial tubes become
inflamed.
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes
airway hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER is a form of non-cardiogenic
pulmonary edema, due to diffuse alveolar injury.
Mild ARSD - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/Fi02/200-300)
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy [DIC], massive transfusions, cardiopulmonary bypass -
CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of hematologic disorders of ARDS
Moderate ARSD - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/F/02 100-200)
Sever ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/Fi02≤100
, bacterial, fungal, viral pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of Localized
infection in ARSD
pulmonary contusion, multiple fractures, head injury)Shock (any cause - CORRECT
ANSWER Give one example of Trauma in ARSD
pancreatitis, uremia - CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of metabolic disorders in ARSD
➢ Aspiration of gastric contents
➢ Pulmonary contusion
➢ Toxic gas (smoke) inhalation
➢ fractures
➢ Diffuse pulmonary infection
➢ Near-drowning - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of Direct lung injury in ARSD
➢ Severe sepsis
➢ Major trauma
▪ Multiple long-bone
▪ Hypovolemic shock
➢ Hypertransfusion
➢ Acute pancreatitis
➢ Drug overdose
➢ Reperfusion injury
▪ Post-lung transplantation
▪ Post-cardiopulmonary bypass - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of indirect lung
injury in ARSD
a. rapid onset of severe dyspnea
b. arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental O2
c. bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray that quickly worsens
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER severe form of lung injury
a. sudden and progressive pulmonary edema
b. increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray
c. hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the amount of positive end-
expiratory pressure (PEEP), and the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure.
d. reduced lung compliance - CORRECT ANSWER What are the clinical syndrome of ARDS
"blue bloaters". - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic bronchitis is also termed as
Bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER is a condition in which the bronchial tubes become
inflamed.
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes
airway hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER is a form of non-cardiogenic
pulmonary edema, due to diffuse alveolar injury.
Mild ARSD - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/Fi02/200-300)
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy [DIC], massive transfusions, cardiopulmonary bypass -
CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of hematologic disorders of ARDS
Moderate ARSD - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/F/02 100-200)
Sever ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER What category is (Pa02/Fi02≤100
, bacterial, fungal, viral pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of Localized
infection in ARSD
pulmonary contusion, multiple fractures, head injury)Shock (any cause - CORRECT
ANSWER Give one example of Trauma in ARSD
pancreatitis, uremia - CORRECT ANSWER Give one example of metabolic disorders in ARSD
➢ Aspiration of gastric contents
➢ Pulmonary contusion
➢ Toxic gas (smoke) inhalation
➢ fractures
➢ Diffuse pulmonary infection
➢ Near-drowning - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of Direct lung injury in ARSD
➢ Severe sepsis
➢ Major trauma
▪ Multiple long-bone
▪ Hypovolemic shock
➢ Hypertransfusion
➢ Acute pancreatitis
➢ Drug overdose
➢ Reperfusion injury
▪ Post-lung transplantation
▪ Post-cardiopulmonary bypass - CORRECT ANSWER What are the causes of indirect lung
injury in ARSD
a. rapid onset of severe dyspnea
b. arterial hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental O2
c. bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray that quickly worsens
