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I-Human Case Study: 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain – Complete Assessment, Pathophysiology, Clinical Reasoning & Nursing Implications (A+ Guide)”

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Patient Recap & HPI Summary This section consolidates all subjective data from the patient interview into a structured clinical picture before proceeding to the physical examination. All pivotal HPI questions were performed during the i Human simulation. 20.1 Patient Demographics Item Detail Name Mr. J.T. (55-year-old male) Height / Weight 5'10" (178 cm) / 245 lb (111.4 kg) BMI 35.1 kg/m² — Obese Class II Reason for Encounter Acute back pain — onset 3–4 days ago Chief Complaint "I must have thrown my back out. The pain is terrible." Setting i-Human Case Week #9 — Outpatient / Urgent Care 20.2 HPI — OLDCARTS Summary OLDCARTS Patient Response Clinical Significance i-Human Status Onset 3–4 days ago; sudden onset while lifting a heavy laundry basket of wet clothes Acute mechanical etiology; classic precipitating event for lumbar disc herniation Performed Location Lower back (patient places palm on lumbar region, L4-L5 estimated level) Lumbar spine involvement; guides imaging level Performed Duration Constant since onset — does not come and go Continuous pain suggests structural pathology (disc herniation) vs. intermittent spasm Performed Character Sharp, stabbing, gnawing; also shooting down right leg Mixed nociceptive + neuropathic features Performed Aggravating ALL movement: rolling in bed, walking; ibuprofen not helping Pain with movement = mechanical; NSAID failure = may need stronger analgesia Performed Relieving Nothing reliably helps Failure to find relief: structural cause more likely than simple strain Performed i-Human Case Week #9 | 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain | Pages 20–30 Timing Continuous; acute onset with lifting mechanism Performed Acute onset with mechanism = disc herniation very likely Severity 7–10/10; excruciating at worst Performed High severity warrants aggressive multimodal pain management Radiation Right leg → right thigh → sometimes to foot; shooting pain Performed Associated Right leg tingling + numbness on outside of right thigh; shooting sensation Dermatomal radiculopathy: L4-L5 or L5-S1 nerve root compression Paresthesia = nerve involvement; dermatomal distribution identifies level Performed Sleep Pain disrupts sleep; worse lying flat Performed Mechanical pattern: flat worsens disc pressure ▶ Key Point WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Acute lumbar disc herniation (L4-L5 or L5-S1) with right-sided nerve root compression causing lumbar radiculopathy. The combination of lifting mechanism + right leg pain/numbness/weakness + positive SLR is highly predictive. Priority: Rule out cauda equina syndrome at every assessment (ask about bowel/bladder/saddle sensation).

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Comprehensive I-Human Case | 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain | Week #9 1 | Page

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Comprehensive I Human Case 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain
Week #9
Comprehensive I Human Case 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain
Week #9




Case Instructions
By submitting this assignment, you authorize that the work contained within is your own.
CASE REVIEW | CASE PLAY | STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS
Case authored by: i-Human Patients Academic Team




Patient Name: James Carter (55 y/o Male)
Height / Weight: 5' 10" (178 cm) / 245.0 lb (111.4 kg) — BMI: 35.2 kg/m²
Chief Complaint: Back pain
Case Week: i-Human Case Week #9
Setting: Primary Care Clinic
Case Type: Comprehensive — Pathophysiology, Clinical Reasoning, Broader Implications
Case Author: i-Human Patients Academic Team




i-Human Patients Academic Team | Comprehensive Case Study | For Educational Use Only | © 2025–2026

,Comprehensive I-Human Case | 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain | Week #9 2 | Page

2|Page



HISTORY FEEDBACK — I-HUMAN GRADED PERFORMANCE
Ask relevant problem-focused questions to create an accurate initial differential diagnosis list. Various questions may yield
the same information. Examples of high-yield questions for this case include:
● Performed ✗ Missed
●/✗ Category Question Patient Response

● HPI How can I help you today? My back really hurts.

● HPI Do you have any other symptoms or Yes — the pain makes it hard to sleep and gets worse when I am
concerns we should discuss? walking. But otherwise, nothing else.
● HPI What are the events surrounding the I was rearranging heavy tables at the restaurant where I work. I do it
start of your back pain? all the time but this time I must have moved them wrong.
● HPI When did the pain in your back Four days ago.
start?
● HPI How long does your back pain last? I hope it won't last long. This is horrible!

● HPI What does the pain in your back Sharp.
feel like?
● HPI How severe (1–10 scale) is the pain About 7.
in your back?
● HPI Where more precisely is the pain in It's in my lower back. It starts right here (puts the palm of his hand on
your back? his lower back).
● HPI Does the pain in your back radiate I have pain in my right leg now also.
someplace else? Where?
● HPI Does the pain in your back come I wish it would go... No, it's continuous.
and go?
● HPI Does anything make the pain in Moving hurts more. Even rolling over in bed... or walking. I tried the
your back better or worse? ibuprofen like the urgent care recommended but it's not working.
● HPI What treatments have you had for Just the ibuprofen the urgent care gave me. It doesn't seem to be
the pain in your back? doing much.
● Symptom Do you have any tingling and/or Yes, it's in my right leg. I have shooting pain all the way down that
numbness anywhere? side too. It's pretty painful.




i-Human Patients Academic Team | Comprehensive Case Study | For Educational Use Only | © 2025–2026

, Comprehensive I-Human Case | 55-Year-Old Male with Back Pain | Week #9 3 | Page

3|Page



HISTORY FEEDBACK — CONTINUED (ADDITIONAL HPI &
PMH QUESTIONS)

●/✗ Category Question Patient Response

● HPI What treatments have you had for Acetaminophen but it hasn't really helped much. Too much
the pain in your back? movement tends to really aggravate my back, no matter if I take the
pills or not.
● Symptom Do you have any tingling and/or Just tingling from time to time in my buttock on the left. No
numbness anywhere? numbness.
● Symptom Have you noticed swelling in any I haven't noticed swelling anywhere. Luckily I haven't felt any
part of your body? numbness but there has been some tingling in my left buttock every
once in a while.
● Symptom Do you have any pain in your No, it's my back. I don't have any leg pain. I would say the pain starts
leg(s)? from my back and goes down into my left buttock area.
● PMH Can you tell me about any current I was diagnosed with high blood pressure a year ago. Luckily, I don't
or past medical problems you have have to take any medications since I listened to my primary care and
had? started to exercise and eat more healthy. Oh, I also see my dentist
every 6 months but haven't had any dental procedures.
● PMH Have you had any significant Nope. I haven't fallen or anything like that. No car accidents and no
traumatic injuries or accidents? workout injuries. At least not recently. I did mess up my shoulder
about 6 months ago.
● PMH Have you ever been hospitalized? No.

● PMH Any previous medical, surgical or I tore my right rotator cuff when I was lifting weights. I had surgery
dental procedures? about 8 months ago to repair it. I see my dentist every 6 months but
haven't had any dental procedures.
● PMH Do you have high blood pressure? Yes, I have a history of high blood pressure. Luckily, I don't have to
take any medications since I started exercising and eating healthy.




PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS — I-HUMAN GRADED RESULTS

Choice Yours Graded Notes
Pedal pulses +1 equal bilaterally Correct Normal vascular finding — rules out
vascular claudication as cause of leg
symptoms
Negative FADDIR test ✓ Correct Correctly identified — rules out hip
impingement as cause of
back/buttock pain
Positive straight leg raise test Correct Positive SLR confirms lumbar nerve
root irritation (L4–L5 or L5–S1
radiculopathy)
Positive FADDIR tests ✗ Incorrect FADDIR was negative — student
incorrectly selected a positive
FADDIR finding




i-Human Patients Academic Team | Comprehensive Case Study | For Educational Use Only | © 2025–2026

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