Final Exam Bio182 With Questions And
Answers Latest Update 2026
Analyzed with respect to
effects on fitness
General types of
interactions:
Competition (-/-)
Amensalism (-/0)
Exploitation (+/-)
Species Interactions (predation,
herbivory,
parasitism)
Commensalism
(+/0)
Mutualism (+/+)'
No fitness effect
(0/0)
Intraspecies competition Within a species
Between species (occurs when niches of 2
Interspecies competition
species overlap)
Role of an organism plays in a community
(includes both abiotic & biotic factors)
Biological Niche Ex. Food source (seed size)
If niches of species overlap, competition occurs
with variety of outcomes.
In general, not possible for species with same
Competition Exclusion niche to coexist. One species will be better
competitor.
, Niche Partitioning / Competitive Replacement Competitive organisms subject to selection that
minimizes competition
Competitive ability
Niche overlap
Available resources
Distinction between fundamental and realized
niche
Organisms may be able to exploit wider
range of habitats, but don’t due to
presence of competitors
Birds that are closely related uses specific parts
of tree divided (same as lizards who live in
different parts of plants)
Galapago finches: Different beak size, sympatric
Example of niche partitioning distribution in resources as well. More intense
when drought of resources.
Evolutionary effect of competitive displacement
can manifest as “species flocks” = adaptive
radiation.
Frugivory, folivory, granivory
Herbivory
Consumes plant tissue
Hematophogy, fluid feeding
Parasitism Consumes relatively small amounts of
tissue/nutrients from another individual (host)
(leeches)
Carnivory, piscivory, insectivory, omnivory
Predation Kills & consumes all or most of another
individual (prey)
Coprophagy (waste eater), detritivory, fungivory,
Other Exploitation Interactions
cophagy, etc (all eats products)
Answers Latest Update 2026
Analyzed with respect to
effects on fitness
General types of
interactions:
Competition (-/-)
Amensalism (-/0)
Exploitation (+/-)
Species Interactions (predation,
herbivory,
parasitism)
Commensalism
(+/0)
Mutualism (+/+)'
No fitness effect
(0/0)
Intraspecies competition Within a species
Between species (occurs when niches of 2
Interspecies competition
species overlap)
Role of an organism plays in a community
(includes both abiotic & biotic factors)
Biological Niche Ex. Food source (seed size)
If niches of species overlap, competition occurs
with variety of outcomes.
In general, not possible for species with same
Competition Exclusion niche to coexist. One species will be better
competitor.
, Niche Partitioning / Competitive Replacement Competitive organisms subject to selection that
minimizes competition
Competitive ability
Niche overlap
Available resources
Distinction between fundamental and realized
niche
Organisms may be able to exploit wider
range of habitats, but don’t due to
presence of competitors
Birds that are closely related uses specific parts
of tree divided (same as lizards who live in
different parts of plants)
Galapago finches: Different beak size, sympatric
Example of niche partitioning distribution in resources as well. More intense
when drought of resources.
Evolutionary effect of competitive displacement
can manifest as “species flocks” = adaptive
radiation.
Frugivory, folivory, granivory
Herbivory
Consumes plant tissue
Hematophogy, fluid feeding
Parasitism Consumes relatively small amounts of
tissue/nutrients from another individual (host)
(leeches)
Carnivory, piscivory, insectivory, omnivory
Predation Kills & consumes all or most of another
individual (prey)
Coprophagy (waste eater), detritivory, fungivory,
Other Exploitation Interactions
cophagy, etc (all eats products)
