Exam 2026 WITH Recent Newest Verified And
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2026-2027) Correct Detailed & Verified
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Simple diffusion - ANSWERS-substances diffusing directly through the lipid bilayer, no
outside energy needed, non-polar and lipid-soluable substances (exception of H20)
Facilitated diffusion - ANSWERS-transport using carrier or channel proteins for large or
polar molecules, uses no energy, large, polar molecules, limited by number
Osmosis - ANSWERS-diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane, occurs
when different water concentration
Osmolarity - ANSWERS-total concentration of solute particles in a solution
Tonicity - ANSWERS-ability of a solution to change cell shape by altering water volume
Isotonic - ANSWERS-solution with a solute concentration equal to the cell
Hypertonic - ANSWERS-solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell
Hypotonic - ANSWERS-solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell
Hydrostatic pressure - ANSWERS-blood pressure pushing fluid from inside to outside
, Filtration - ANSWERS-passage of water and solutes through a membrane via pressure
Active transport - ANSWERS-using ATP or energy to move solutes against a
concentration gradient
Symport system - ANSWERS-two substances moved across a membrane in the same
direction
Antiport system - ANSWERS-two substances moved across a membrane in opposite
directions
Plasma membrane - ANSWERS-barrier, selectively permeable, dynamic role in cellular
activity, provides biological markers
Plasma membrane components - ANSWERS-lipids (glycolipids, phospholipids,
cholesterol)
Phospholipids - ANSWERS-membrane lipids with lipid tails and phosphorus heads
Lipid tails - ANSWERS-hydrophobic (water shunning)
Phosphorus heads - ANSWERS-hydrophillic (water attracting)
Glycolipids - ANSWERS-lipids with bound carbohydrate chains
Cholesterol - ANSWERS-lipid that stabilizes the membrane and provides structural
integrity
Integral proteins - ANSWERS-firmly embedded transmembrane proteins protruding
from membrane on both sides