1
BKAT STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Normal blood gases; pH - correct-answer -7.35-7.45
Normal blood gases: CO2 - correct-answer -35-45
Normal blood gases: HcO3 - correct-answer -22-26
Normal blood gases: PO2 - correct-answer -80 or above
Normal vacuum pressures for suction? - correct-answer -120-140 mmHg
What may a high pressure vent alarm indicate? - correct-answer -Pt is biting on
the tubing, excessive secretions in the tubing, kinked tubing
, 2
What may a low pressure vent alarm indicate? - correct-answer -cuff leak or the
tubing is disconnected somewhere
How do you verify positioning of an endotracheal tube? - correct-answer --
auscultate lung bases and apices for bilateral breath sounds
-observe chest for symmetric chest wall movement
-confirm with end tidal CO2 measure
GOLD STANDARD: chest x-ray
t/f: people with ET tubes should be suctioned routinely - correct-answer -FALSE--
they should be suctioned on an as needed basis
what should ET tube cuff pressure be kept at? - correct-answer -20-25 mmHg
What measures should nurses take to avoid ET tube problems? - correct-answer --
confirm that exit mark on ET tube remains constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
, 3
-maintain proper cuff inflation (listen for an air leak-- if pt can talk, you must
inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status, and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
What should be done if a patient is not tolerating ET tube suctioning? - correct-
answer -STOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
Measures to prevent aspiration? - correct-answer --avoid bolus tube feedings
-monitor tube feeding residuals
-maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cuff inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feeding tube is
placed below the pylorus
what are recommendations for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia? -
correct-answer --manage ventilated patients without sedatives whenever possible
-interrupt sedation once a day (spontaneous breathing trials)
-provide early exercise and mobility
-provide regular oral care
, 4
-minimize pooling of secretions above the ET tube cuff
-use ET tubes with subglottic secretion drainage for patients likely to require
greater than 72 hours of intubation
-keep HOB elevated 30-45 degress
-change ventilator circuit only if visibly soiled or malfunctioning
What is the biggest complication associated with high cervical spinal cord injuries?
- correct-answer -BREATHING-- the diaphragm is innervated by C3-C5 levels
C4-diaphragm
will likely need mechanical ventilation mgmt
signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? - correct-answer --altered
LOC
-headache
-bradycardia
-decreased respirations
-acute HTN with widening pulse pressure
-N/V
-worsening neuro deficits
-pupils that are nonreactive
BKAT STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Normal blood gases; pH - correct-answer -7.35-7.45
Normal blood gases: CO2 - correct-answer -35-45
Normal blood gases: HcO3 - correct-answer -22-26
Normal blood gases: PO2 - correct-answer -80 or above
Normal vacuum pressures for suction? - correct-answer -120-140 mmHg
What may a high pressure vent alarm indicate? - correct-answer -Pt is biting on
the tubing, excessive secretions in the tubing, kinked tubing
, 2
What may a low pressure vent alarm indicate? - correct-answer -cuff leak or the
tubing is disconnected somewhere
How do you verify positioning of an endotracheal tube? - correct-answer --
auscultate lung bases and apices for bilateral breath sounds
-observe chest for symmetric chest wall movement
-confirm with end tidal CO2 measure
GOLD STANDARD: chest x-ray
t/f: people with ET tubes should be suctioned routinely - correct-answer -FALSE--
they should be suctioned on an as needed basis
what should ET tube cuff pressure be kept at? - correct-answer -20-25 mmHg
What measures should nurses take to avoid ET tube problems? - correct-answer --
confirm that exit mark on ET tube remains constant when providing patient care,
repositioning, and transporting patient
, 3
-maintain proper cuff inflation (listen for an air leak-- if pt can talk, you must
inflate more)
-continually monitor SpO2, RR, HR and rhythm, mental status, and ABGs
-pre-oxygenate before suctioning
What should be done if a patient is not tolerating ET tube suctioning? - correct-
answer -STOP and manually hyperventilate with 100% oxygen
Measures to prevent aspiration? - correct-answer --avoid bolus tube feedings
-monitor tube feeding residuals
-maintain HOB at LEAST 30 degrees or greater
-maintain proper ET tube cuff inflation
-perform frequent oral pharyngeal suctioning
-maintain an NG tube connected to low, intermittent suction if feeding tube is
placed below the pylorus
what are recommendations for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia? -
correct-answer --manage ventilated patients without sedatives whenever possible
-interrupt sedation once a day (spontaneous breathing trials)
-provide early exercise and mobility
-provide regular oral care
, 4
-minimize pooling of secretions above the ET tube cuff
-use ET tubes with subglottic secretion drainage for patients likely to require
greater than 72 hours of intubation
-keep HOB elevated 30-45 degress
-change ventilator circuit only if visibly soiled or malfunctioning
What is the biggest complication associated with high cervical spinal cord injuries?
- correct-answer -BREATHING-- the diaphragm is innervated by C3-C5 levels
C4-diaphragm
will likely need mechanical ventilation mgmt
signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? - correct-answer --altered
LOC
-headache
-bradycardia
-decreased respirations
-acute HTN with widening pulse pressure
-N/V
-worsening neuro deficits
-pupils that are nonreactive
