AGACNP AACN BOARDS ACTUAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
UPDATE
3 steps of pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - 1. aspirin, tylenol,
NSAIDs
2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl
Breakthrough cancer pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - fentanyl
Metastatic bone pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - bisphosphonates
Tension headache symptoms & management - CORRECT ANSWERS -
symptoms - tight, back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
Migraine headache types and treatments - CORRECT ANSWERS - classic -
WITH aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
Cluster headache symptoms and management - CORRECT ANSWERS -
symptoms - occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
Albumin levels <3.5 - CORRECT ANSWERS - protein malnutrition
,Albumin <2.7 - CORRECT ANSWERS - Edema
Complications of enteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS - aspiration,
refeeding, dehydration
Complications of parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS -
pneumothorax, hemothorax
Urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWERS - renal salt wasting (kidney is the
problem)
Urine sodium <10 - CORRECT ANSWERS - kidney isn't the problem
isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWERS -
serum osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types - CORRECT ANSWERS
- serum osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes - CORRECT ANSWERS -
dehydration, diuresis, vomiting
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWERS - diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
,hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS - edema,
CHF, liver disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT
ANSWERS - serum osmolality >290
causes - HHS
hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension, diarrhea,
peaked T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT, Chvostek's
and Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral supplements
if chronic
hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics, dialysis if
severe
, respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS - types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA recovery
treat with fluids
metabolic alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - saline responsive, NG suction, vomiting, diuretics
treatment - d/c diuretics, give NaCl and KCl, H2 blockers if GI loss
Gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS - streptococci,
staphylococcus, enterococci, bacilli
Gram negative bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS - E. coli, klebsiella,
pseudomonas, acinetobacter, enterobacter
anti-rejection meds following transplant - CORRECT ANSWERS - 1. steroids
2. antimetabolites
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
UPDATE
3 steps of pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - 1. aspirin, tylenol,
NSAIDs
2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl
Breakthrough cancer pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - fentanyl
Metastatic bone pain management - CORRECT ANSWERS - bisphosphonates
Tension headache symptoms & management - CORRECT ANSWERS -
symptoms - tight, back of head/neck
management - OTC analgesics and rest
Migraine headache types and treatments - CORRECT ANSWERS - classic -
WITH aura
common - WITHOUT aura
treatment - sumatriptan and analgesics
Cluster headache symptoms and management - CORRECT ANSWERS -
symptoms - occur at night, ipsilateral congestion, rhinorrhea, and eye redness
Albumin levels <3.5 - CORRECT ANSWERS - protein malnutrition
,Albumin <2.7 - CORRECT ANSWERS - Edema
Complications of enteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS - aspiration,
refeeding, dehydration
Complications of parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS -
pneumothorax, hemothorax
Urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWERS - renal salt wasting (kidney is the
problem)
Urine sodium <10 - CORRECT ANSWERS - kidney isn't the problem
isotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT ANSWERS -
serum osmolality - 284-295
causes - extreme hyperlipidemia or nhyperproteinemia
hypotonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and types - CORRECT ANSWERS
- serum osmolality <280
hypovolemic w/ sodium <10
hypovolemic w/ sodium >20
hypervolemic
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium <10 causes - CORRECT ANSWERS -
dehydration, diuresis, vomiting
hypovolemic w/ urine sodium >20 - CORRECT ANSWERS - diuretics, ACE,
mineralocorticoid deficiency
,hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS - edema,
CHF, liver disease, renal failure
must restrict fluids
hypertonic hyponatremia serum osmolality and causes - CORRECT
ANSWERS - serum osmolality >290
causes - HHS
hypokalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - diuretics, GI losses, renal loss, alkalosis
signs/symptoms - weakness, fatigue, cramps, broad T waves, u waves
treatment - oral replacement if >2.5, 40mEq/L/hr IV if severe
hyperkalemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - renal failure, drugs, hypoaldosteronism
signs/symptoms - weakness, flaccid paralysis, abdominal distension, diarrhea,
peaked T waves
treatment - ion resin exchange (kayexalate), insulin, D5W
hypocalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - pancreatitis, renal failure, trauma, massive transfusions
symptoms - increased DTRs, cramps, convulsions, prolonged QT, Chvostek's
and Trousseau's sign
treatment - check for alkalosis, IV calcium gluconate if acute, oral supplements
if chronic
hypercalcemia causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -
causes - vitamin D intoxication, immobilization, thiazide diuretics
symptoms - fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, coma, death
treatment - calcitonin if renal/card involvement, NS, loop diuretics, dialysis if
severe
, respiratory acidosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - hypoventilation (pH<7.35, pCO2>45)
symptoms - somnolence, confusion, coma, myoclonus with asterixis
treatment - narcan if unknown cause, increased ventilator rate
respiratory alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - hyperventilation (pH>7.45, pCO2<35)
symptoms - lightheadedness, tingling, tetany if severe
treatment - paper bag breathing, decreased ventilator rate
metabolic acidosis types, causes, treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS - types:
increased anion gap - DKA, alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis
normal anion gap - diarrhea, ileostomy, renal tubular acidosis, DKA recovery
treat with fluids
metabolic alkalosis causes, signs/symptoms, treatment - CORRECT
ANSWERS - causes - saline responsive, NG suction, vomiting, diuretics
treatment - d/c diuretics, give NaCl and KCl, H2 blockers if GI loss
Gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS - streptococci,
staphylococcus, enterococci, bacilli
Gram negative bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS - E. coli, klebsiella,
pseudomonas, acinetobacter, enterobacter
anti-rejection meds following transplant - CORRECT ANSWERS - 1. steroids
2. antimetabolites
