PUBH 302 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (111)
Explain the term: social determinants of health the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the
systems put into place to deal with illness
How do social determinants impact health outcomes? Social determinants, like poverty, lack of education, and unequal access to
healthcare can contribute to health inequities
Describe the Tuskegee Study - Study conducted by US public health services, working with the Tuskegee
Institute
- Involved 600 black men (some with syphilis, some without)
- Researchers told the men they were being treated for bad blood, but the men
did not receive proper treatment to cure their illness
- This study continued for 40 years (1932-1972)
How did the Tuskegee impact research and practice? - Made people more aware of the ethics in the study
- Created many of the current policies to study, like informed consent
- 1974 National Research Act - requires researchers to get voluntary informed
consent from all persons taking part in studies
What are ACEs? Experiences that children (0-17yrs) have that fall into the following categories
- Abuse
- Neglect
- Household dysfunction
How can ACEs impact health outcomes? - early adversity has lasting impacts
- toxic stress from ACEs has direct effect on brain development
- Higher ACEs correlate to higher risks of injury, poor mental health, poor
maternal health, infectious disease, chronic disease, risky behavior, and lower
opportunities
What are the prevention strategies for addressing ACEs? - strengthen economic support to families
- promote social norms that protect against violence and adversity
- ensure strong start for children
- teach skills
- connect youth to caring adults and activities
- intervene to lessen immediate and long term harms
Describe major issues that make the health system a PH - overmedication
concern - over treatment
- entrenched system
- reimbursement
, Why does the US health care system cost so much - misuse of ER
compared to the rest of the world? - reward doing more, rather than efficiency
- inappropriate care/tests
- defensive medicine
- malpractice costs
- greater use of high costs technology and procedures
- brand name drugs
- high costs of R&D
- price variations/lack of transparency
- high admin costs
- higher wages for providers
- limited competition
- middlemen
- profit
Describe characteristics of the non-elderly uninsured - uninsured rates among the non-elderly are higher in the south
population - main reason for being uninsured is high costs
- barriers to healthcare among the non-elderly, such as no usual source of care,
postponed seeing care due to costs, went without needed care due to costs,
postponed getting needed prescription drug due to cost
Describe the approximate level and components of ??
national expenditures for all health activities - health insurance (75%)
- out of pocket (10%)
- "other," including investments and third party payers (15%)
Explain the role of Medicaid - support for healthcare system and safety net
- state capacity to address health changes
- serves low income families, individuals with disabilities, and the elderly
Explain the role of Medicare - provides coverage for those 65+, those under 65 with certain disabilities, and
people with end-stage renal disease
How did PPACA expand access to health care? Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- benefits for women
- young adult coverage
- strengthens medicare
- holds insurance companies accountable
How does insurance work? A person facing a risk pays a fee to the insurance company, which in return
accepts part or all of the risk
List the populations where trends related to utilization of - aging population
the healthcare system are seen - diversity in the population
- income/insurance status
- family structure
- specific chronic conditions (cancer, HIV/AIDs)
C
Terms in this set (111)
Explain the term: social determinants of health the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the
systems put into place to deal with illness
How do social determinants impact health outcomes? Social determinants, like poverty, lack of education, and unequal access to
healthcare can contribute to health inequities
Describe the Tuskegee Study - Study conducted by US public health services, working with the Tuskegee
Institute
- Involved 600 black men (some with syphilis, some without)
- Researchers told the men they were being treated for bad blood, but the men
did not receive proper treatment to cure their illness
- This study continued for 40 years (1932-1972)
How did the Tuskegee impact research and practice? - Made people more aware of the ethics in the study
- Created many of the current policies to study, like informed consent
- 1974 National Research Act - requires researchers to get voluntary informed
consent from all persons taking part in studies
What are ACEs? Experiences that children (0-17yrs) have that fall into the following categories
- Abuse
- Neglect
- Household dysfunction
How can ACEs impact health outcomes? - early adversity has lasting impacts
- toxic stress from ACEs has direct effect on brain development
- Higher ACEs correlate to higher risks of injury, poor mental health, poor
maternal health, infectious disease, chronic disease, risky behavior, and lower
opportunities
What are the prevention strategies for addressing ACEs? - strengthen economic support to families
- promote social norms that protect against violence and adversity
- ensure strong start for children
- teach skills
- connect youth to caring adults and activities
- intervene to lessen immediate and long term harms
Describe major issues that make the health system a PH - overmedication
concern - over treatment
- entrenched system
- reimbursement
, Why does the US health care system cost so much - misuse of ER
compared to the rest of the world? - reward doing more, rather than efficiency
- inappropriate care/tests
- defensive medicine
- malpractice costs
- greater use of high costs technology and procedures
- brand name drugs
- high costs of R&D
- price variations/lack of transparency
- high admin costs
- higher wages for providers
- limited competition
- middlemen
- profit
Describe characteristics of the non-elderly uninsured - uninsured rates among the non-elderly are higher in the south
population - main reason for being uninsured is high costs
- barriers to healthcare among the non-elderly, such as no usual source of care,
postponed seeing care due to costs, went without needed care due to costs,
postponed getting needed prescription drug due to cost
Describe the approximate level and components of ??
national expenditures for all health activities - health insurance (75%)
- out of pocket (10%)
- "other," including investments and third party payers (15%)
Explain the role of Medicaid - support for healthcare system and safety net
- state capacity to address health changes
- serves low income families, individuals with disabilities, and the elderly
Explain the role of Medicare - provides coverage for those 65+, those under 65 with certain disabilities, and
people with end-stage renal disease
How did PPACA expand access to health care? Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
- benefits for women
- young adult coverage
- strengthens medicare
- holds insurance companies accountable
How does insurance work? A person facing a risk pays a fee to the insurance company, which in return
accepts part or all of the risk
List the populations where trends related to utilization of - aging population
the healthcare system are seen - diversity in the population
- income/insurance status
- family structure
- specific chronic conditions (cancer, HIV/AIDs)
