BIOLOGY 1113H OSU CERTIFIED QUALITY EXAM STUDY SET WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
//GRADED A+//2026/27 UPDATE!!
Heterochromatin
Genes are highly packed and normally not expressed
Histone acetylation
Acetyl groups are attached to positively charged lysine in the
histone tails, loosening chromatin, and promoting transcription
Dna methylation
Methyl groups addition causes condensation of chromatin, may
cause long-term inactivation of genes
Histone code hypothesis
Proposes that specific combinations of modifications and their
order of occurrence can help determine chromatin
configuration and influence transcription
,Genomic imprinting
Methylation regulates the expression of maternal or paternal
alleles of certain genes at the start of development
Epigenetic
Alteration of genome without affecting nucleotide sequencing
that can be passed on to future generations
Transcriptional activators
Recruit chromatin modifying and remodeling enzymes to clear
the promoter dna so that transcription factors and rna
polymerase ii can bind to their sites
Control elements
Segments of noncoding dna that serve as binding sites for
transcription factors
Basal machinery
, Consisting of general transcription factors that are essential
for transcription of all protein-coding genes
Gene-specific regulatory transcription factors
Needed when high levels of transcription are needed to recruit
rna polymerase to bind to promoter
Proximal control elements
Located close to promoter
Enhancers
Distal control elements that may be far from gene or located
in an intron
Activator
Proteins that bind to enhancers and stimulate transcription,
influenced by outside signaling
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
//GRADED A+//2026/27 UPDATE!!
Heterochromatin
Genes are highly packed and normally not expressed
Histone acetylation
Acetyl groups are attached to positively charged lysine in the
histone tails, loosening chromatin, and promoting transcription
Dna methylation
Methyl groups addition causes condensation of chromatin, may
cause long-term inactivation of genes
Histone code hypothesis
Proposes that specific combinations of modifications and their
order of occurrence can help determine chromatin
configuration and influence transcription
,Genomic imprinting
Methylation regulates the expression of maternal or paternal
alleles of certain genes at the start of development
Epigenetic
Alteration of genome without affecting nucleotide sequencing
that can be passed on to future generations
Transcriptional activators
Recruit chromatin modifying and remodeling enzymes to clear
the promoter dna so that transcription factors and rna
polymerase ii can bind to their sites
Control elements
Segments of noncoding dna that serve as binding sites for
transcription factors
Basal machinery
, Consisting of general transcription factors that are essential
for transcription of all protein-coding genes
Gene-specific regulatory transcription factors
Needed when high levels of transcription are needed to recruit
rna polymerase to bind to promoter
Proximal control elements
Located close to promoter
Enhancers
Distal control elements that may be far from gene or located
in an intron
Activator
Proteins that bind to enhancers and stimulate transcription,
influenced by outside signaling
