PSIO 305 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (96)
Identify the structural components of the neuron and It is the area that receives the signal from the presynaptic are
the function of each.
it is made up of dendrites, which is primarily made up of ligand gated channels
What is the receptive area? what is it made up of? that allow the NT to activate, as ell as make connections to other neurons.
it is also made up of the cell body (neuron) which is filled with ligand and and
mechanical channels
Identify the structural components of the neuron and it carries the electrical signal
the function of each.
it is made up of an axon, which transmits the action potentials that have voltage-
What is the transmission cable? what is it made up of? gated channels that initiates calcium influx to make the AP occur
Identify the structural components of the neuron and it converts electrical signal to chemical signals
the function of each.
it connects presynaptic area to the postsynaptic area, and it is where the
What is the synapse? depolarization happens
,walk me through the entire process that happens when the electrical signal will arrive at the synapse, and cause depolarization of axon
the signal arrives at the synapse. go through NT and its terminal (pre-synaptic) bouton. then, the neurotransmitter (ligand) that is released
whole process, and what happens at the synapse. from synaptic vesicle will bind to the receptor on the post-synaptic membrane,
causing the ligand gated channel to open. the ions will then flux through, and
converts the signal back into an electrical one.
the neurotransmitter (ligand) that is released from the pre-synaptic neuron is a
chemical signal, and after it binds to the ligand gated channels and causes ion
flux, the signal becomes electrical again.
there is a small local potential that occurs from having ions around, but once
threshold is reached, there will be an action potential!!
classic FAST synapse is when an action potential is reached
explain what long term potentiation and long term long-term potentiation and long term depression can alter the strength of the
depression are in relation to synaptic connections give synaptic connections between the neurons. it can happen at both pre and post
some examples of each, and talk about what they can do synaptic locations.
for the synaptic connections.
long term potentiation is strengthening. in NMDAR-dependent, LTP there is
release of glutamate and Ca2+ channels, which will cause the addition of new
as the AMPAR/NMDAR ration increases. what does that receptors and have postsynaptic insertion of AMPARs. this makes more signaling
mean? occur. another example is presynaptic LTP, in which changing the pre-synaptic
proteins can cause more NT to be released, making more signaling occur as well.
there are higher levels of AMPARs, repeated stimulation, and the synapse
becomes more responsive to future stimulation improving signal transmission.
long term depression is weakening. in NMDR-dependent LTD, receptors are
removed from the post-synaptic side, making less reception available, and
therefore less signaling occurs. there is lower frequency of stimulation, a reduced
number of AMPAR's, and reduced calcium influx.
as the ration increases, we are adding in more AMPAR receptors, which increases
addition and therefore makes synapses do more!!!
, Compare/contrast fast (ionotropic) and slow Inotropic
(metabotropic) synapses with respect to structure & - fast synapse
function - needs to bind to ligand gated ion channels
- expresses themselves as current flow/voltage change
- does not cause secondary messenger cascade
- allows for instant depolarization or hyperpolarization
- membrane starts at -70mV, but gets depolarized and will reach action potential
threshold at -55mV
Metabotropic synapse
- slow synapse
- downstream, slower and more long lasting effects
- needs to bind to G-protein receptors in the post-synaptic membrane - does not
directly act on a voltage receptor, they bind to the protein receptor which causes
the changes
- activates secondary messenger system, which will alter metabolism to make the
affects way longer lasting
- indirectly activates ion channels
dopamine is a NT found in both inotropic (fast) and Inotropic (fast)
metabotropic (slow) synapses. what does it do in each of - activates ion channels in the basal nuclei (affects movement planning)
the synapses? - it can "do communication" but also it can be trophic as well (cause nutrition
affects in other things)
Metabotropic (slow)
- binds to GPCR in hypothalamus to alter the metabolism
- it will adjust hunger, thirst, and temp regulation, which are trophic effects
Describe the multiple roles that the neuroglia play in the neuroglia are a type of glial cell that is used to support the nervous system.
nervous system - do NOT elicit action potentials
- used for support
make sure to explain what it is, its key components, and - regulates the environment through ion channels, and transports
what is divded into - regulate growth through glial-derived growth factor (GDGF) - used for nutrition
and maintenance of neurons
main components are oligodendrocytes, astroglia, and schwann cells
used to believe that there were 10x more neuroglia than other neural cells, but
now its more about the same
Neuroglia: oligodendrocytes wrap around axons in the CNS to make myelin sheath
what do they do?
Neuroglia: astroglia - primarily make up the blood brain barrier by wrapping around capillaries
- they provide physical support for neurons
what do they do? - they are the most abundant
- help with learning and memory with exercise
- they control chemical signals and neural input in the local environment
C
Terms in this set (96)
Identify the structural components of the neuron and It is the area that receives the signal from the presynaptic are
the function of each.
it is made up of dendrites, which is primarily made up of ligand gated channels
What is the receptive area? what is it made up of? that allow the NT to activate, as ell as make connections to other neurons.
it is also made up of the cell body (neuron) which is filled with ligand and and
mechanical channels
Identify the structural components of the neuron and it carries the electrical signal
the function of each.
it is made up of an axon, which transmits the action potentials that have voltage-
What is the transmission cable? what is it made up of? gated channels that initiates calcium influx to make the AP occur
Identify the structural components of the neuron and it converts electrical signal to chemical signals
the function of each.
it connects presynaptic area to the postsynaptic area, and it is where the
What is the synapse? depolarization happens
,walk me through the entire process that happens when the electrical signal will arrive at the synapse, and cause depolarization of axon
the signal arrives at the synapse. go through NT and its terminal (pre-synaptic) bouton. then, the neurotransmitter (ligand) that is released
whole process, and what happens at the synapse. from synaptic vesicle will bind to the receptor on the post-synaptic membrane,
causing the ligand gated channel to open. the ions will then flux through, and
converts the signal back into an electrical one.
the neurotransmitter (ligand) that is released from the pre-synaptic neuron is a
chemical signal, and after it binds to the ligand gated channels and causes ion
flux, the signal becomes electrical again.
there is a small local potential that occurs from having ions around, but once
threshold is reached, there will be an action potential!!
classic FAST synapse is when an action potential is reached
explain what long term potentiation and long term long-term potentiation and long term depression can alter the strength of the
depression are in relation to synaptic connections give synaptic connections between the neurons. it can happen at both pre and post
some examples of each, and talk about what they can do synaptic locations.
for the synaptic connections.
long term potentiation is strengthening. in NMDAR-dependent, LTP there is
release of glutamate and Ca2+ channels, which will cause the addition of new
as the AMPAR/NMDAR ration increases. what does that receptors and have postsynaptic insertion of AMPARs. this makes more signaling
mean? occur. another example is presynaptic LTP, in which changing the pre-synaptic
proteins can cause more NT to be released, making more signaling occur as well.
there are higher levels of AMPARs, repeated stimulation, and the synapse
becomes more responsive to future stimulation improving signal transmission.
long term depression is weakening. in NMDR-dependent LTD, receptors are
removed from the post-synaptic side, making less reception available, and
therefore less signaling occurs. there is lower frequency of stimulation, a reduced
number of AMPAR's, and reduced calcium influx.
as the ration increases, we are adding in more AMPAR receptors, which increases
addition and therefore makes synapses do more!!!
, Compare/contrast fast (ionotropic) and slow Inotropic
(metabotropic) synapses with respect to structure & - fast synapse
function - needs to bind to ligand gated ion channels
- expresses themselves as current flow/voltage change
- does not cause secondary messenger cascade
- allows for instant depolarization or hyperpolarization
- membrane starts at -70mV, but gets depolarized and will reach action potential
threshold at -55mV
Metabotropic synapse
- slow synapse
- downstream, slower and more long lasting effects
- needs to bind to G-protein receptors in the post-synaptic membrane - does not
directly act on a voltage receptor, they bind to the protein receptor which causes
the changes
- activates secondary messenger system, which will alter metabolism to make the
affects way longer lasting
- indirectly activates ion channels
dopamine is a NT found in both inotropic (fast) and Inotropic (fast)
metabotropic (slow) synapses. what does it do in each of - activates ion channels in the basal nuclei (affects movement planning)
the synapses? - it can "do communication" but also it can be trophic as well (cause nutrition
affects in other things)
Metabotropic (slow)
- binds to GPCR in hypothalamus to alter the metabolism
- it will adjust hunger, thirst, and temp regulation, which are trophic effects
Describe the multiple roles that the neuroglia play in the neuroglia are a type of glial cell that is used to support the nervous system.
nervous system - do NOT elicit action potentials
- used for support
make sure to explain what it is, its key components, and - regulates the environment through ion channels, and transports
what is divded into - regulate growth through glial-derived growth factor (GDGF) - used for nutrition
and maintenance of neurons
main components are oligodendrocytes, astroglia, and schwann cells
used to believe that there were 10x more neuroglia than other neural cells, but
now its more about the same
Neuroglia: oligodendrocytes wrap around axons in the CNS to make myelin sheath
what do they do?
Neuroglia: astroglia - primarily make up the blood brain barrier by wrapping around capillaries
- they provide physical support for neurons
what do they do? - they are the most abundant
- help with learning and memory with exercise
- they control chemical signals and neural input in the local environment
