BIOS252 - Week 5,6,7 Review EXAM
2026 LATEST RELEASE
EXAM
Vision (1–15)
1. Q: Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors?
A: Retina
Rationale: The retina is the innermost layer containing rods and
cones.
2. Q: What is the function of the cornea?
A: Refracts (bends) light entering the eye
Rationale: The cornea provides most of the eye's optical power
and is transparent.
3. Q: Which photoreceptors are responsible for color vision?
A: Cones
Rationale: Cones function in bright light and detect red, green, or
blue wavelengths.
4. Q: Where are rods most densely concentrated?
A: Peripheral retina
Rationale: Rods are sparse in the fovea and abundant in the
retinal periphery.
5. Q: What is the blind spot?
A: Optic disc
Rationale: No photoreceptors exist where the optic nerve exits
the eye.
,6. Q: Which cranial nerve carries visual information?
A: Optic (CN II)
Rationale: CN II transmits signals from the retina to the brain.
7. Q: What is accommodation?
A: Lens changing shape to focus on near objects
Rationale: Ciliary muscles contract, lens becomes more rounded.
8. Q: Which structure produces aqueous humor?
A: Ciliary body
Rationale: The ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor into the
posterior chamber.
9. Q: What is the function of the iris?
A: Controls pupil size
Rationale: Smooth muscle fibers dilate or constrict the pupil.
10. Q: Which condition results from increased intraocular
pressure?
A: Glaucoma
Rationale: Blocked drainage of aqueous humor damages the
optic nerve.
11. Q: What is the macula lutea?
A: Area of retina with highest cone density
Rationale: Contains the fovea centralis for sharpest vision.
12. Q: Which layer contains the pigmented epithelium that
absorbs stray light?
A: Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)
Rationale: Prevents light scattering and phagocytoses shed
photoreceptor discs.
, 13. Q: What is the function of the vitreous humor?
A: Maintains eyeball shape
Rationale: Gelatinous fluid in the posterior cavity provides
structural support.
14. Q: Which muscle rotates the eye downward and medially?
A: Superior oblique
Rationale: Trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates it; passes through
trochlea.
15. Q: What is astigmatism?
A: Irregular corneal curvature
Rationale: Causes blurred vision due to uneven light refraction.
Hearing (16–30)
16. Q: Which ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
A: Malleus
Rationale: Malleus ("hammer") connects directly to the eardrum.
17. Q: Which ossicle transmits vibrations to the oval window?
A: Stapes
Rationale: Stapes ("stirrup") footplate sits in the oval window.
18. Q: What fills the scala tympani?
A: Perilymph
Rationale: Perilymph is similar to cerebrospinal fluid in
composition.
19. Q: Where are hair cells for hearing located?
A: Organ of Corti (spiral organ)
Rationale: Sits on the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct.
2026 LATEST RELEASE
EXAM
Vision (1–15)
1. Q: Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors?
A: Retina
Rationale: The retina is the innermost layer containing rods and
cones.
2. Q: What is the function of the cornea?
A: Refracts (bends) light entering the eye
Rationale: The cornea provides most of the eye's optical power
and is transparent.
3. Q: Which photoreceptors are responsible for color vision?
A: Cones
Rationale: Cones function in bright light and detect red, green, or
blue wavelengths.
4. Q: Where are rods most densely concentrated?
A: Peripheral retina
Rationale: Rods are sparse in the fovea and abundant in the
retinal periphery.
5. Q: What is the blind spot?
A: Optic disc
Rationale: No photoreceptors exist where the optic nerve exits
the eye.
,6. Q: Which cranial nerve carries visual information?
A: Optic (CN II)
Rationale: CN II transmits signals from the retina to the brain.
7. Q: What is accommodation?
A: Lens changing shape to focus on near objects
Rationale: Ciliary muscles contract, lens becomes more rounded.
8. Q: Which structure produces aqueous humor?
A: Ciliary body
Rationale: The ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor into the
posterior chamber.
9. Q: What is the function of the iris?
A: Controls pupil size
Rationale: Smooth muscle fibers dilate or constrict the pupil.
10. Q: Which condition results from increased intraocular
pressure?
A: Glaucoma
Rationale: Blocked drainage of aqueous humor damages the
optic nerve.
11. Q: What is the macula lutea?
A: Area of retina with highest cone density
Rationale: Contains the fovea centralis for sharpest vision.
12. Q: Which layer contains the pigmented epithelium that
absorbs stray light?
A: Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE)
Rationale: Prevents light scattering and phagocytoses shed
photoreceptor discs.
, 13. Q: What is the function of the vitreous humor?
A: Maintains eyeball shape
Rationale: Gelatinous fluid in the posterior cavity provides
structural support.
14. Q: Which muscle rotates the eye downward and medially?
A: Superior oblique
Rationale: Trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates it; passes through
trochlea.
15. Q: What is astigmatism?
A: Irregular corneal curvature
Rationale: Causes blurred vision due to uneven light refraction.
Hearing (16–30)
16. Q: Which ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane?
A: Malleus
Rationale: Malleus ("hammer") connects directly to the eardrum.
17. Q: Which ossicle transmits vibrations to the oval window?
A: Stapes
Rationale: Stapes ("stirrup") footplate sits in the oval window.
18. Q: What fills the scala tympani?
A: Perilymph
Rationale: Perilymph is similar to cerebrospinal fluid in
composition.
19. Q: Where are hair cells for hearing located?
A: Organ of Corti (spiral organ)
Rationale: Sits on the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct.
