PHGY 216 Module Quizzes With
Complete Solutions
Which of the following hormones is most likely to activate the cAMP second-
messenger pathway?
A. Epinephrine
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Estrogen - ANSWER A. Epinephrine
Which of the following is a hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Growth hormone
B. Luteinizing hormone
C. Prolactin
D. Vasopressin - ANSWER D. Vasopressin
In the response to stress chain of command, corticotropin releasing hormone is
released from the:
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Hypothalamus
C. Posterior pituitary
D. Adrenal gland - ANSWER B. Hypothalamus
Which of the following steps/terms in thyroid hormone synthesis best describes
how iodide is activated for the formation of thyroid hormones?
A. Iodide trapping
B. Thyroglobulin
C. Iodide organification
D. Coupling - ANSWER C. Iodide organification
With respect to Hormone levels, which of the following would you expect to see
due to an inadequate dietary supply of iodine?
A. Low thyroid hormone and elevated TSH
B. Low thyroid hormone and low TSH
C. Elevated thyroid hormone and elevated TSH
D. Elevated thyroid hormones and low TSH - ANSWER A. Low thyroid hormone
and elevated TSH
Mineralocorticoids are produced in which layer of the adrenal cortex?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona fasciculata
, C. Zona reticularis
D. Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis - ANSWER A. Zona glomerulosa
Addison's disease is characterized by hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. Which of
the following symptoms would you expect to observe?
A. Hypertension
B. Excessive cortisol
C. High blood sugar
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin - ANSWER D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Which of the following energy molecules is formed by glycolysis and can be
converted to glucose in the liver?
A. Glycogen
B. Glycerol
C. Lactic acid
D. Ketone bodies - ANSWER C. Lactic acid
Which of the following cell types are best associated with the dissolving of
bone?
A. Chondrocytes
B. Astrocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts - ANSWER D. Osteoclasts
With respect to calcium, the role of vitamin D is to:
A. Decrease plasma calcium levels
B. Decrease plasma phosphate levels
C. Increase intestinal absorption of calcium
D. Enhance renal secretion of calcium - ANSWER C. Increase intestinal
absorption of calcium
With respect to sexual differentiation, phenotypic sex is:
A. Determined by the combination of sex chromosomes at conception
B. Determined by the production of H-Y antigen
C. The apparent anatomical sex
D. Independent of gonadal sex - ANSWER C. The apparent anatomical sex
With regards to error in sexual differentiation, a masculinized reproductive tract
and external genitalia is the result of which of the following?
A. A genetic male whose testes fail to develop or target tissues lack
testosterone receptors
B. A deficiency in the enzymes that convert testosterone to DHT
C. A genetic female with excessive adrenal secretion of DHEA during fetal
development
D. A deficiency in the enzymes that produce estrogen - ANSWER C. A genetic
female with excessive adrenal secretion of DHEA during fetal development
Complete Solutions
Which of the following hormones is most likely to activate the cAMP second-
messenger pathway?
A. Epinephrine
B. Cortisol
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Estrogen - ANSWER A. Epinephrine
Which of the following is a hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland?
A. Growth hormone
B. Luteinizing hormone
C. Prolactin
D. Vasopressin - ANSWER D. Vasopressin
In the response to stress chain of command, corticotropin releasing hormone is
released from the:
A. Anterior pituitary
B. Hypothalamus
C. Posterior pituitary
D. Adrenal gland - ANSWER B. Hypothalamus
Which of the following steps/terms in thyroid hormone synthesis best describes
how iodide is activated for the formation of thyroid hormones?
A. Iodide trapping
B. Thyroglobulin
C. Iodide organification
D. Coupling - ANSWER C. Iodide organification
With respect to Hormone levels, which of the following would you expect to see
due to an inadequate dietary supply of iodine?
A. Low thyroid hormone and elevated TSH
B. Low thyroid hormone and low TSH
C. Elevated thyroid hormone and elevated TSH
D. Elevated thyroid hormones and low TSH - ANSWER A. Low thyroid hormone
and elevated TSH
Mineralocorticoids are produced in which layer of the adrenal cortex?
A. Zona glomerulosa
B. Zona fasciculata
, C. Zona reticularis
D. Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis - ANSWER A. Zona glomerulosa
Addison's disease is characterized by hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. Which of
the following symptoms would you expect to observe?
A. Hypertension
B. Excessive cortisol
C. High blood sugar
D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin - ANSWER D. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Which of the following energy molecules is formed by glycolysis and can be
converted to glucose in the liver?
A. Glycogen
B. Glycerol
C. Lactic acid
D. Ketone bodies - ANSWER C. Lactic acid
Which of the following cell types are best associated with the dissolving of
bone?
A. Chondrocytes
B. Astrocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoclasts - ANSWER D. Osteoclasts
With respect to calcium, the role of vitamin D is to:
A. Decrease plasma calcium levels
B. Decrease plasma phosphate levels
C. Increase intestinal absorption of calcium
D. Enhance renal secretion of calcium - ANSWER C. Increase intestinal
absorption of calcium
With respect to sexual differentiation, phenotypic sex is:
A. Determined by the combination of sex chromosomes at conception
B. Determined by the production of H-Y antigen
C. The apparent anatomical sex
D. Independent of gonadal sex - ANSWER C. The apparent anatomical sex
With regards to error in sexual differentiation, a masculinized reproductive tract
and external genitalia is the result of which of the following?
A. A genetic male whose testes fail to develop or target tissues lack
testosterone receptors
B. A deficiency in the enzymes that convert testosterone to DHT
C. A genetic female with excessive adrenal secretion of DHEA during fetal
development
D. A deficiency in the enzymes that produce estrogen - ANSWER C. A genetic
female with excessive adrenal secretion of DHEA during fetal development
