SHARP EKG (ECG Interpretation,
Cardiology, & Nursing) TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. What are the two basic kinds of cardiac cells? - ANSWER ✔ 1. myocardial
muscle cells
myocardial pacemaker cells
2. What are the 4 primary cell characteristics? - ANSWER ✔ 1. Automaticity
2. Excitability
3. Conductivity
4. Contractility
3. What are the two major ions that affect cardiac function? - ANSWER ✔ 1.
sodium
2. potassium
4. What are the primary ions inside the cell? - ANSWER ✔ Potassium
5. What are the primary ions outside the cell? - ANSWER ✔ Sodium
6. Distribution of ions on either side of the membrane is determined by which
several factors? - ANSWER ✔ 1. membrane channels
, 2. concentration gradient
3. electrical gradient
4. sodium-potassium pump
7. Where is the SA node located? - ANSWER ✔ In the upper wall of the right
atrium/near the inlet of the superior vena cava
8. What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - ANSWER ✔ 60-100 bpm
9. Pacemaker cells in the AV junction generate electrical impulses at what
rate? - ANSWER ✔ 40-60 bpm
10.What are the 3 functions of the AV node? - ANSWER ✔ 1. slow conduction
of the electrical impulse through the AV node to allow atria to empty into
the ventricles (atrial kick)
2. to serve as a back pack pacemaker
3. protect ventricles from fast rates
11.After the delay in the AV node, where does the impulse go? - ANSWER ✔
To the bundle of His
12.A flutter - ANSWER ✔ Atrial rate 250-400, saw tooth p waves,
13.Treat a flutter - ANSWER ✔ Control hr, assess need for anticoagulants,
desire to NSR, unstable should be treated with CARDIOVERSION!!
14.A fib - ANSWER ✔ Irregular beats, no p wave
,15.A fib tx - ANSWER ✔ If unstable CARDIOVERSION, control hr, give
anticoagulant, return NSR
16.Treating junctional rhythm - ANSWER ✔ If symptomatic Brady give
atropine, pacing, dopamine, epi
17.Treating accelerated junctional - ANSWER ✔ Correct underlying cause
18.Treat second degree type 2 - ANSWER ✔ Pacemaker
19.PVC - ANSWER ✔ Downslope from last T wave
20.SVT tx - ANSWER ✔ Valsalva maneuver, canal maneuver,
CARDIOVERSION, ablation
21.V Tach/V Fib TX - ANSWER ✔ CHECK PULSE, CPR PULSELESS,
22.Asystole tx - ANSWER ✔ Check pulse, cpr
23.PEA - ANSWER ✔ Normal rhythm without pulse
24.What are some causes of ST depression? - ANSWER ✔ 1) NSTEMI
2) Digoxin
3) Hypokalemia
4) RBBB or LBBB
5) RVH or LVH
, 25.What causes abnormal T waves? (7) - ANSWER ✔ 1. myocardial ischemia
2. acute MI
3. hyperkalemia
4. pericarditis
5. BBB
6. subarachnoid hemorrhage
7. ventricular enlargement
26.How long should a normal QT interval be? - ANSWER ✔ Half of a R-R
interval
27.What is hard-wire monitoring? - ANSWER ✔ Uses a three lead or five lead
system
28.How is a 5-lead placed on the chest? - ANSWER ✔ 1. one is placed below
the right clavicle at 2nd interspace/right midclavicular line
2. one is place below the left clavicle at 2nd interspace/left midclavicular
line
3. one on right lower rib cage (8th interspace/right misclavicular line)
4. one on the left lower rib cage (8th interspace/left midclavicular line)
5. one in the chest lead
29.What is telemetry monitoring? - ANSWER ✔ observation of a patient's HR
and rhythm at a site distant from the patient
30.What is a sinus block? - ANSWER ✔ Occasionally absent P wave
associated with a loss of QRS complex for that beat (resume on time after
pause)
Cardiology, & Nursing) TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. What are the two basic kinds of cardiac cells? - ANSWER ✔ 1. myocardial
muscle cells
myocardial pacemaker cells
2. What are the 4 primary cell characteristics? - ANSWER ✔ 1. Automaticity
2. Excitability
3. Conductivity
4. Contractility
3. What are the two major ions that affect cardiac function? - ANSWER ✔ 1.
sodium
2. potassium
4. What are the primary ions inside the cell? - ANSWER ✔ Potassium
5. What are the primary ions outside the cell? - ANSWER ✔ Sodium
6. Distribution of ions on either side of the membrane is determined by which
several factors? - ANSWER ✔ 1. membrane channels
, 2. concentration gradient
3. electrical gradient
4. sodium-potassium pump
7. Where is the SA node located? - ANSWER ✔ In the upper wall of the right
atrium/near the inlet of the superior vena cava
8. What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - ANSWER ✔ 60-100 bpm
9. Pacemaker cells in the AV junction generate electrical impulses at what
rate? - ANSWER ✔ 40-60 bpm
10.What are the 3 functions of the AV node? - ANSWER ✔ 1. slow conduction
of the electrical impulse through the AV node to allow atria to empty into
the ventricles (atrial kick)
2. to serve as a back pack pacemaker
3. protect ventricles from fast rates
11.After the delay in the AV node, where does the impulse go? - ANSWER ✔
To the bundle of His
12.A flutter - ANSWER ✔ Atrial rate 250-400, saw tooth p waves,
13.Treat a flutter - ANSWER ✔ Control hr, assess need for anticoagulants,
desire to NSR, unstable should be treated with CARDIOVERSION!!
14.A fib - ANSWER ✔ Irregular beats, no p wave
,15.A fib tx - ANSWER ✔ If unstable CARDIOVERSION, control hr, give
anticoagulant, return NSR
16.Treating junctional rhythm - ANSWER ✔ If symptomatic Brady give
atropine, pacing, dopamine, epi
17.Treating accelerated junctional - ANSWER ✔ Correct underlying cause
18.Treat second degree type 2 - ANSWER ✔ Pacemaker
19.PVC - ANSWER ✔ Downslope from last T wave
20.SVT tx - ANSWER ✔ Valsalva maneuver, canal maneuver,
CARDIOVERSION, ablation
21.V Tach/V Fib TX - ANSWER ✔ CHECK PULSE, CPR PULSELESS,
22.Asystole tx - ANSWER ✔ Check pulse, cpr
23.PEA - ANSWER ✔ Normal rhythm without pulse
24.What are some causes of ST depression? - ANSWER ✔ 1) NSTEMI
2) Digoxin
3) Hypokalemia
4) RBBB or LBBB
5) RVH or LVH
, 25.What causes abnormal T waves? (7) - ANSWER ✔ 1. myocardial ischemia
2. acute MI
3. hyperkalemia
4. pericarditis
5. BBB
6. subarachnoid hemorrhage
7. ventricular enlargement
26.How long should a normal QT interval be? - ANSWER ✔ Half of a R-R
interval
27.What is hard-wire monitoring? - ANSWER ✔ Uses a three lead or five lead
system
28.How is a 5-lead placed on the chest? - ANSWER ✔ 1. one is placed below
the right clavicle at 2nd interspace/right midclavicular line
2. one is place below the left clavicle at 2nd interspace/left midclavicular
line
3. one on right lower rib cage (8th interspace/right misclavicular line)
4. one on the left lower rib cage (8th interspace/left midclavicular line)
5. one in the chest lead
29.What is telemetry monitoring? - ANSWER ✔ observation of a patient's HR
and rhythm at a site distant from the patient
30.What is a sinus block? - ANSWER ✔ Occasionally absent P wave
associated with a loss of QRS complex for that beat (resume on time after
pause)
