NUR 160 EXAM 2, HONDROS STUDY GUIDE
Hypokalemia and lasix - Answers - If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - Answers - CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt
intake, COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - Answers - Headache, Confusion, Nausea,
Vomiting, Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - Answers - Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no
water access, significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - Answers - daily weights in similar
clothing, same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a
week
Potassium (K+) - Answers - 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - Answers - AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia,
irritability, Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - Answers - diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives,
ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle cramps, abdominal distention,
constipation, arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - Answers - low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green
veggies, apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - Answers - 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - Answers - too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids,
increased dairy consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - Answers - decreased urinary output, firm rubbery
tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
Hyponatremia Causes - Answers - Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low
sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
, Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache,
restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - Answers - 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - Answers - Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - Answers - weakness, hypotension, Vomiting,
Nausea, coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - Answers - alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor
absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - Answers - seizures, Increased DTR,
arrhthmias, agitation, Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - Answers - All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - Answers - 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - Answers - supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid,
parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - Answers - anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR,
confusion, coma, constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - Answers - decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics,
alcoholism, malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - Answers - irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D,
increase dDTR, arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - Answers - BP
Chvostek sign - Answers - cheek
Heparin - Answers - PTT
Coumadin - Answers - PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - Answers - 7.35-7.45
PO2 - Answers - 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - Answers - 35-45
Hypokalemia and lasix - Answers - If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - Answers - CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt
intake, COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - Answers - Headache, Confusion, Nausea,
Vomiting, Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - Answers - Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no
water access, significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - Answers - daily weights in similar
clothing, same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a
week
Potassium (K+) - Answers - 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - Answers - AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia,
irritability, Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - Answers - diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives,
ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle cramps, abdominal distention,
constipation, arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - Answers - low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green
veggies, apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - Answers - 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - Answers - too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids,
increased dairy consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - Answers - decreased urinary output, firm rubbery
tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
Hyponatremia Causes - Answers - Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low
sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
, Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - Answers - muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache,
restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - Answers - 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - Answers - Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - Answers - weakness, hypotension, Vomiting,
Nausea, coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - Answers - alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor
absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - Answers - seizures, Increased DTR,
arrhthmias, agitation, Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - Answers - All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - Answers - 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - Answers - supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid,
parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - Answers - anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR,
confusion, coma, constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - Answers - decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics,
alcoholism, malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - Answers - irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D,
increase dDTR, arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - Answers - BP
Chvostek sign - Answers - cheek
Heparin - Answers - PTT
Coumadin - Answers - PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - Answers - 7.35-7.45
PO2 - Answers - 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - Answers - 35-45
