HMX IMMUNOLOGY FINAL 2026
TEST BANK TESTED QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ The ___________ is a major player in the innate immune system. It
travels throughout the body, engulfing foreign invaders.
B cell
erythrocyte
T cell
macrophage Answer: macrophage
◉ _____________ are proteins secreted by macrophages as they
encounter foreign bacteria in the body. These protein messengers help
mount and coordinate an enhanced immune response.
Hormones
Cytokines
Leukocytes
Antibodies Answer: Cytokines
◉ Immmunoglobulin ___ makes up approximately 75% of the
antibodies circulating in the blood.
M
A
D
E
,G Answer: G
◉ Antibodies and the cells that make them are part of the _________
immune system.
adaptive
innate
foreign Answer: adaptive
◉ Which of the following complement proteins is NOT a member of the
"stalk" of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
C3a
C5b
C6
C7
C8 Answer: C3a
◉ Which complement molecule can attach to an invader, be clipped to
an inactive form, and serve as an attachment point for phagocytes (like
macrophages)? The molecule is:
C5b
C3a
C3b
C4 Answer: C3b
,◉ What is the name of the process whereby protein-coated pathogens
are phagocytosed more effectively than uncoated pathogens?
encapsulation
opsonization
complement regulation
complement deposition Answer: opsonization
◉ What is the immediate outcome of C3 being cleaved?
The pathogen's membrane is damaged
A zymogen is formed.
C3a and C3b are formed
A thioester bond of C3 is sequestered Answer: C3a and C3b are formed
◉ Approximately what percentage of your circulating white blood cells
(WBCs) are neutrophils?
30%
50%
70%
90%
All of them Answer: 70%
◉ What type of protein inhibits complement activation on the surface of
human cells?
alternative C3 convertase
, complement control protein
catalytic enzymes
complement receptors Answer: complement control protein
◉ When working together with factor H, what does factor I generate?
iC3
iC3b
C3b
iC3Bb Answer: iC3b
◉ Which effector is incorrectly matched to its trigger or outcome?
bradykinin - induces vasoconstriction
protease inhibitors - inactivate pathogen-derived proteases
coagulation - induced by blood vessel damage
platelets - produce prostaglandins Answer: bradykinin - induces
vasoconstriction
◉ How do the complement proteins interact with other immunological
mechanisms?
Macrophage responses are prevented upon binding to complement
proteins
The terminal complement components kill host cells in the absence of an
infection
Complement proteins inhibit phagocytosis
TEST BANK TESTED QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ The ___________ is a major player in the innate immune system. It
travels throughout the body, engulfing foreign invaders.
B cell
erythrocyte
T cell
macrophage Answer: macrophage
◉ _____________ are proteins secreted by macrophages as they
encounter foreign bacteria in the body. These protein messengers help
mount and coordinate an enhanced immune response.
Hormones
Cytokines
Leukocytes
Antibodies Answer: Cytokines
◉ Immmunoglobulin ___ makes up approximately 75% of the
antibodies circulating in the blood.
M
A
D
E
,G Answer: G
◉ Antibodies and the cells that make them are part of the _________
immune system.
adaptive
innate
foreign Answer: adaptive
◉ Which of the following complement proteins is NOT a member of the
"stalk" of the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
C3a
C5b
C6
C7
C8 Answer: C3a
◉ Which complement molecule can attach to an invader, be clipped to
an inactive form, and serve as an attachment point for phagocytes (like
macrophages)? The molecule is:
C5b
C3a
C3b
C4 Answer: C3b
,◉ What is the name of the process whereby protein-coated pathogens
are phagocytosed more effectively than uncoated pathogens?
encapsulation
opsonization
complement regulation
complement deposition Answer: opsonization
◉ What is the immediate outcome of C3 being cleaved?
The pathogen's membrane is damaged
A zymogen is formed.
C3a and C3b are formed
A thioester bond of C3 is sequestered Answer: C3a and C3b are formed
◉ Approximately what percentage of your circulating white blood cells
(WBCs) are neutrophils?
30%
50%
70%
90%
All of them Answer: 70%
◉ What type of protein inhibits complement activation on the surface of
human cells?
alternative C3 convertase
, complement control protein
catalytic enzymes
complement receptors Answer: complement control protein
◉ When working together with factor H, what does factor I generate?
iC3
iC3b
C3b
iC3Bb Answer: iC3b
◉ Which effector is incorrectly matched to its trigger or outcome?
bradykinin - induces vasoconstriction
protease inhibitors - inactivate pathogen-derived proteases
coagulation - induced by blood vessel damage
platelets - produce prostaglandins Answer: bradykinin - induces
vasoconstriction
◉ How do the complement proteins interact with other immunological
mechanisms?
Macrophage responses are prevented upon binding to complement
proteins
The terminal complement components kill host cells in the absence of an
infection
Complement proteins inhibit phagocytosis
